Your doubt reminds me of Acts 26:24, much learning is driving you mad. See Joachim Jeremias, The Eucharistic Words of Jesus, 3rd ed. The Orthodox churches preserve the earlier custom of using leavened bread.23 Is it not possible to see the switch from using leavened to unleavened bread as a Passoverization of sorts? But the man of the house Johns gospel: Jesus told Peter and John: go to town, at the main avenue, and you will find a man carrying a jar of water. Both needs time in the daylight. If there is the possibility, one should kill them with a sword in public view. Thank for the thought provoking words. This is not good enough to our western mindset where precision is everything, but although it seems good enough for the observers of a small area (Eretz Israel) different observers still could not agree on the sightings. A quick question about your comment: Jesuss Last Supper was on the Essene Seder. The traditional text of the Haggadah as it exists today incorporates a variety of material, starting with the Bible, and running through medieval songs and poems. As we come to the communion table, as we gather and worship together, may we reflect on the blood of the Lamb shed for forgiveness as the centerpiece of salvation history. And that is a wrong attitude in a public discussion. So, .. And the SABBATH HAVING PAST, Mary the Magdalene, and Mary of James, and Salome, *****BOUGHT*****spices, that having come, they may anoint him (Mark 16:1). Lawyers make terrible investigators and historians, since they like to misplace emphasis in order to twist and distort, thereby enhancing what they promote, while belittling any other view point offered. It was now the day of preparation for passover meaning preparation for the passover sabbath of the 21st. Very early Sunday morning before dawn they came and no body found. InExodus 12:1420, God reveals the way future generations of Israelites are to observe the Passover. Could you be so kind as to give a few authoritative sources to support your position that scripture is inerrant? So for one to assume passover in the gospels is just referring to the 15th, at its start in the evening, would be a mistake. The Lord then reveals what the Israelites are to do with the slain lambs and why they are to do it. Jesus was crucified on the 14th day, therefore the previous night could not possibly have been the eating of the Passover, so there was no legal requirement for unleavened bread at this meal. I also bring out that when the Greek is translated accurately (concerning the Passover scriptures) the three synoptic gospels harmonize perfectly with John, which is what we should expect if indeed they were inspired by God as they claim. The second day PASSOVER (saducean 14.nisan/habib) was celebrated by babylonians, saduceans, scribers, traders, some members of the Sin-Eddrin (Jewish religious court), some jewish. Was it on Sunday, Jesus appeared on the mount in Galilee to more than 500? but early/de proi which means just before the early evening watch which bean at noon). Now a days, however,historians are concluding that the meal Jesus had most likely was not a Passover Seeder, like the ones Jewish []. I use quotation marks when I take a direct verse from the Bible. At the Passover party, Gods people regularly shared fellowship and food, remembering Gods redemptive work and his care for the weak. Some will argue that this was an upper room in the Temple complex similar to where the prophet Jeremiah took the Rechabites to test their loyalty to their ancestor Yehonadab. The OT Lord's Supper, the NT Passover 12:6) with those who observed a Temple-centric observance, killing lambs in the afternoon portion of Nisan 14th, approaching Nisan 15th, his numbers include BOTH. Even so, Johns claim that Jesus was killed just before Passover began is more plausible than the synoptics claim that Jesus was killed on Passover. He was assisted in reconstructing ancient calendars and the dates on which events could have occurred (such as the date on which the moon turned to blood when rising over Jerusalem) by Dr. Graem Waddington, an Oxford astrophysicist. Probably Clopas whole family were present when Jesus revealed himself in the breaking of bread. However, history and rabbinic tradition testify that the rabbinic authorities would break the law to destroy an enemy. It is essentially a scripted liturgy of worship that takes place around the intimacy of a family dining table. While I readily admit that I am fairly new to BAR, it seems that biblical/archaeological/anthropological scholars with a more liberal bent are quoted profusely and given much weight. They give us hints as to what Jesus did on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, then jump to the preparations for the last supper, but nothing clearly about Wednesday, which in the Essenic tradition, popular in Galilee where Jesus and the disciples were from, began Passover at sundown, in contrast to the official start on Friday evening. He might have sent the man for water, anticipating their immanent arrival. As such, the article openly questions the inerrancy of Scripture. For more on the use of rabbinic sources, see Sanderss Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1977), esp. They delight in improving their understanding of the meaning and value of Christs death. . 16:2) e.g. > Mk. The sacrifice of the Passover lamb is conducted annually on Mt. 26:17 for you So my question is, are we confusing what seems to be a contradiction that was really a progressing clarification? But that night is not always a Saturday night. Jesus was preparing for the evening beginning the 14th. 5984. Ta da! Whereupon Albinus complied with what they said, and wrote in anger to Ananus, and threatened that he would bring him to punishment for what he had done; on which king Agrippa took the high priesthood from him, when he had ruled but three months (Antiq of Jews 20, 9, 1; Whiston translation). The early chapters of Exodus describe the calling of Moses to be the one who will lead Gods people out of slavery in Egypt. So the PASSOVER of LORD JESUS was correct and according to the instructions of GOD in Egypt. Thus the crucifixion day ENDED and the ladies could not buy any spices in the night because the high Sabbath had already started! Holy Week commemorates the final week in the life of Jesus, from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday. Those involved are (1) Jehovah God, who arranged for the ransom, (2) Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who provided the ransom, and (3) Jesus spiritual brothers. Thank you for this well reasoned article. And if Jesus wasnt killed on Passover, but before it (as John claims), then the Last Supper could not in fact have been a Passover Seder. pp. Before the feast of the Passover echoes the And the feast of the unleavened food was coming nigh, that is called Passover language of Luke 22:1, YLT. The festival provides an important backdrop for our regular remembrance during the Lords Supper. Thus, kings have been assassinated due to desire to alter history, and grab the power of violence, etc, all of which emerged because of religious convention, and the torture and harassment it has caused. Each day saw killing 500,000 lambs/baby goats for passover. One thing I wish you would have addressed more clearly: What is the factual explanation for the disagreement between Johns gospel and the synoptics, regarding the timing of the last supper? Jesus inaugurated a New Covenant; the Seder was under the Old Covenant. As the book of Exodus begins, Israel has been in Egypt for more than four hundred years (cf. These scholars believe that, generally speaking, we can extract historically reliable information from rabbinic sources. 1 Peter 1:19). Where are the bitter herbs? Not to suggest the Luke did a poor job, he may have been very clear to his intended audience as Mark and Matthew may have been to their targeted audience but as these writings were making wider and wider audiences the interpretation/understanding was becoming muddled? March 26 on the Hebrew Calendar it is Nisan 14. If it was a house for Essenes, they would have been forced to celebrate Passover where they stopped and not at the house. If that is not possible, one should develop a plan so that one can cause their deaths. I am not a preacher / teacher to be confused and to confuse others. 26:18 I will keep (poiw = do, make) 5:7). He is coauthor with Gregg Davidson of The Manifold Beauty of Genesis One (Kregel, 2021), and author of the forthcoming commentary on Habakkuk in the Zondervan Exegetical Commentary on the Old Testament series. The High Priest and Jesus saying the same words, It is finished. 11:25 ). The FREE eBook Ancient Israel in Egypt and the Exodus considers texts and archaeological evidence from the second millennium B.C.E. The Bible teaches that Jesus' death was typified in the offering of the Passover sacrifice (John 1:29). They knew this was to be exceptional. Commonly entitled On the Passover, the sermon survives in numerous copies and fragments in Coptic, Greek, Syriac, Latin and Georgian. Very little is recorded. If you'd like to help make it possible for us to continue Bible History Daily, BiblicalArchaeology.org, and our email newsletter please donate. Copyright 2023 The Gospel Coalition, INC. All Rights Reserved. Possibly the Gospels disagreements about the timing of the Last Supper were the result of these early Christian disputes about when Easter should be celebrated. Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. Passover seems to be used loosely in the gospels, as covering the whole 7 days of unleavened bread. 13:1 Now before the feast of the Passover this reference when Jesus has his Last Supper. According to scholar Jonathan Klawans, ancient Jewsincluding the Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenescared as much about matters of Jewish theology as about laws and practices. It probably took on its symposium form in the third-second centuries BCE, the era of high Hellenism.. John even mentions that Christ went to visit the risen Lazarus, 6 days before the Passover which places that visit on prior Sunday, making the Passover on Saturday / Nisan 15. The King James Version which MOST favor is number 53 out of 55. [], I read everyones comments and I learned: Surely the depiction of the Last Supper as a Passover observance could play a part in this larger effort of arguing that Jesus death echoes the Exodus from Egypt.21, This process of Passoverization did not end with the New Testament. It was simply the preparation day of the national observance that began that evening. Yes, Yeshu died a couple of hours before started the Eve of Passover (on Wednesday evening). Saturday evening would make THREE FULL DAYS and THREE FULL NIGHTS HAVE PASSED SINCE HIS DEATH. Instead of refuting my **points** logically one by one, all you have tried until now is only to discredit me by saying I am not born again, I cannot grasp spiritual things, I am heretic, I am unteachable, I am not spiritually hungry etc etc. Strictly speaking the 15th is not the Passover, There has been a great discussion about this topic for over a year in the Hermeneutics.SE community : http://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/22042/was-the-last-supper-actually-a-passover-feast. They might have been following the familiar synagog liturgy and then shared a snack? 4143, 7980, and 119 n. 13; Goldschmidt, Passover Haggadah, pp. I respectly disagree with your conclusions because all the evidence you presented especially from a biblical perspective to the modern customs show that you are wrong on several levels. When originally observed in Egypt and in the wilderness, the Passover meal was designed to be eaten in the individual homes of the people. To reinforce the point about the seder (again, not the Haggadah text): while the few central pieces of the seder are very old and probably pre-date the Babylonian exile, the bulk of the structured meal is Hellenistic, both in style and the names for some of its parts. One, that the Passover was a celebration of the Exodus from Egypt. The instructions in Deuteronomy 16 for the Feast of Unleavened Bread were edited to reflect the new usage of the term Passover. Here, we are told that the Israelites are to sacrifice the Passover in the place where the Lord shall choose to place his name there (Deut. Mark says AFTER the Sabbath, the ladies went to the market, bought spices and prepared it ready for use., Here is what Mark 16:1 KJV, really says: Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him.. 2, The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (6001700) (Chicago: Univ. From the Raban Haggadah/Courtesy of Mali Doron. Exodus 12:46). The Passover And The Lord's Supper Leslie M. Grant Israel's most prominent ordinance, the Passover, is seen in 1 Corinthians 5:7-8 to be closely linked with the Lord's Supper, the precious and outstanding ordinance given by the Lord Jesus to be observed by the Church of God in our present day. 11:45;Num. Remember: An argument from silence is no argument. In these times of ecumenicism and general good feeling between Christians and Jews, many people seem to find it reassuring to think that Communion (the Eucharist) and the Passover Seder are historically related. According to Luke 22:7, the Lord's Supper was eaten on the Day of Unleavened Bread. Given Josephus estimates for the population of Jerusalem and the numbers of pilgrims coming to sacrifice lambs at the Temple for Passover, theres simply no way that the priests could possibly have sacrificed all of them between noon and sunset on the afternoon portion of Nisan 14th. The beginning of the exodus itself is described inExodus 12:3342. After his death, the passover meal of the lamb, bitter greens, and unleavened bread took place, commemorating the passover angel and the departure of Israel after daybreak at some time. The Lord's Supper is rooted in the Passover meal of the Old Testament and realized in Jesus' final meal with His disciples before His death on the cross. Father, . We do what they did. (13) Jesus and his disciples then remained in Jerusalem. So lots of confusion comes from thinking the DATE changed at sundown when the sabbath began. He posits or speculates perhaps given the location of the Cenacle/Upper Room in the Essene quarter (among other other hints, like the man carrying water) of Jerusalem, that Jesus and his disciples were hosted by Essenes and observed an Essene Passover. Biblical Archaeology Society You can find many other articles as well out there if you take the time to look. Fourth, there was also the Tamid sacrifice, the perpetual sacrifice commanded in Num 28:1-8; Exod 29:38-42. Another possibility, mentioned by some analysts, is that Jesus and His disciples may have followed one of the anti-establishment sects (like the Dead Sea Essene community) who had contended that the Temple priests were not following Torah properly, and not calculating the calendar of holy days correctly, thus substituting their own theological opinion as to the correct days to celebrate festivals. Pharaohs stubbornness in the face of the first nine plagues results in Gods pronouncement of a final plague that will result in Israels redemption from slavery. WHAT DO YOU THINK? 12:40). Had they been praying the liturgy, sharing the bread and wine? Moreover, one of the best known and painstakingly detailed studies of the Last SupperJoachim Jeremiass book The Eucharistic Words of Jesuslists no fewer than 14 distinct parallels between the Last Supper tradition and the Passover Seder.1. Jesus would have been sacrificed at the time of the sin offering on the first day of Passover not at the time of the slaying of the Passover lambs as a Passover lamb is not a sin sacrifice. The seder takes place on the first evening, the beginning of the first day. We know the Jews came out with different names for their months, a different starting time for the their year and evidently also a messed up dating of the Passover. There is no discrepancy here. Passover, according to the Scriptures, was two days later on Friday of that week. The recent popularity of interfaith Seders (where Christians and Jews celebrate aspects of Passover and the Last Supper together) points to an emotional impulse that is also at work here. Romans 3: 25; 1 John 2: 1, 2. Research on the books in the Library of Congress, in Washington, D.C., revealed 17,239 books about Jesus. The Gospel Coalition supports the church by providing resources that are trusted and timely, winsome and wise, and centered on the gospel of Jesus Christ. What, then, would Prof. Klawans have us do with John 13:2 or in fact much of that and following chapters prior to crossing the Kidron valley to the garden? John uses Passover time stamps to point to various points of Jesuss ministry: the cleansing of the temple (2:1322), the feeding of the 5,000 (6:115), and several events during Passion WeekJesus being anointed by Mary (12:1), him washing the disciples feet (13:1), his trial before Pilate (18:28, 39), and the crucifixion (19:14). To break the law in regard to one considered an apostate (as Christ was), would, according to this pattern, be something to be overlooked: Concerning seven religious requirements were the children of Noah admonished [including] bloodshed, and thievery For bloodshed how so? It doesnt take much to appreciate that Yeshua and his talmudim could celebrate pesach on the correct day by the Essene calendar but the wrong day by the temple calendar. [] http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/jesus-historical-jesus/was-jes… []. (Numbers 33:3). You produced abuse. 8:14-21; Lk. The Passover and the Lord's Supper Telling the story of Passover is, of course, one of the fundamental purposes of the celebration, as stated in Exodus 13:8: And you shall tell your child on that day, It is because of what the Lord did for me when I went forth from Egypt.. The Essenes used a different method to calculate Passover. There are only multiple issues that the generally accepted history cannot explain without ignoring inconvenient historical records. If we do not insist on an EXACT LITERAL Divine inspiration (only an inspiration of the general concept, if one is a believer), then given the dating of the Fourth Gospel as over 50 years later than the Synoptic Gospels, the need for John to make a more precise parallel between Jesus and the Paschal Lamb (appropriate for a later era), and the tendency of Jesus to liberalize some of the strict RITUALS (not moral teachings) of His faith, it makes sense that either (a) John altered the timeline by one day, possibly not knowing that this would put Jesus Seder a day early, to have Him slaughtered at the same time as the actual lambs, or (b) Jesus, planning to be executed on the day of preparation, scheduled His personal Seder a day early, either in ACCORDANCE with Essene teachings if He WAS an Essene, or merely for CONVENIENCE, citing the Essene teachings to show that the actual day was a human tradition anyway, only the FACT of Passover observance was Divinely commanded. Some scholars say Jesus Last Supper was not a Passover Seder. Rather, Rabban Gamaliel the Younger required the explanation of the Passover symbols as a way of countering Christian manipulation of these symbols. Counting the known followers of Jesus, adding family members quickly leads to a figure over 250. During the Lord's Supper when Jesus was blessing the bread, He had unleavened bread in His hands. With this in mind, the instructions for performing the Passover in the book of Jubilees and the Torah state the lamb is to be killed on the fourteenth day at evening, between sunset and sundown. We are left with only one important parallel (Jeremiass 14th) that can be explained in terms of a Seder: the surprising fact that Jesus at his Last Supper engaged in symbolic explanation of the bread and wine, just as Jews at the Seder engage in symbolic explanations, interpreting aspects of the Passover meal in light of the Exodus from Egypt: Now as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and broke it, and gave it to the disciples and said, Take, eat; this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he gave it to them, saying, Drink of it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant (Matthew 26:2628=Mark 14:22; see also Luke 22:1920). Can anyone wonder why we are spending billions of dollars on something that has no meaning to over 90% of Americans? The Passover Seder and the Lord's Supper What Is the Lord's Supper? I suspect there is a more viable career in demonstrating the unity of the four Gospels as accurate historic records and thus promoting gospel literacy in the general populace, rather than impugning the credibility of texts and discouraging the study of them. The text describes this as an ongoing commemoration of the Lords redemptive actions (12:17, 2627; 13:3, 89, 1416). I men it sad to see we are still captivated in our traditional ways of trying to be smarter than everybody else. The spirit of God was then poured out on those gathered that day of Pentecost as evidence of the transfer of blessings from the priesthood to those who accepted Jesus as the messiah of Jehovah/Yahweh/Yahuweh. What a bunch of poppy cock. 2. 14:1-2; Lk. "The Lord's Supper: The Third Cup" - Bible Advocate The 14th was the preparation for the 15th meal, which is why the lamb was slaughtered in the 14th in the day, preceding the evening start of the 15th. This a quote from one of the updated articles, Quoted like this :Time keeping in the Synoptics vs. John The Lord's Supper [] himself to have been there, when most of his preaching is said to have taken place in Galilee. Jesus died at the ninth hour, 3 p.m. on Thursday, Nisan 20th. Do your homework! 23; Num. The Last Supper today is remembered during the Lord's Supper, or communion (1 Corinthians 11:23-33). 4, pp. The author is trying to sell a book not live the life. Thus He could not have participated in the Passover meal that evening, which is the start of Nisan 15th. When Jesus said this was his body, it had to be unleavened because unleavened means without sin. Of course, the temporal proximity of Jesus crucifixion (and with it, the Last Supper) to the Jewish Passover provides one motive: Surely this historical coincidence could not be dismissed as just that. The Torah mandated all Israelites come to the Temple for three festivals a year. Clearly, Jesus was directing his followers to use the same date to commemorate the far greater act of salvation that God would make possible through the death of Christ. + Makes you wonder how that question was answered the other times they came as a group to observe Jn. Since Jesus was arrested on the 15th, there is no other choice here but to date Jesus death on Nisan 20th, the preparation day before the passover high sabbath of the 21st. Passover or Lord's Supper | Significance of the Last Supper - Ami Yisrael In the land of Israel, including Jerusalem, Passover takes and has always taken seven days. For more on the parallels between the Didache and the Jewish Birkat ha-Mazon, see Enrico Mazza, The Celebration of the Eucharist: The Origin of the Rite and the Development of Its Interpretation (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1999), esp. Is it only a recalling of that meal or [], This custom reflected an ancient Jewish tradition of fasting during the time immediately preceding the Passover meal (as related in Mishnah Pesachim 10:1).. However, one thing you should research. 1:1522). He was crucified in the afternoon of Passover, still Nissan 14th making Him our Passover Lamb. Those who read Hebrew will want to consult Shmuel Safrai and Zeev Safrai, Haggadah of the Sages: The Passover Haggadah (in Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Carta, 1998). (The differentiation lies in the addition of the word Passover.) Mark 15:34 and John 19:14 are talking about two different events; they are not in conflict. The Lords Supper was instituted for the same reason: For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, This is my body which is for you. I think that is very basic and clear. Had He told them to meet on Sundays, and He would be with them in the bread and wine? [] about the Lords Supper celebrated by his disciples after the resurrection of Jesus? Hi, Al. Ive always been a bit bothered by the 3 nights. Obviously if the Gospels cannot be trusted, then we have no reason to assume that there ever was a Last Supper at all. An Israelite [who kills] a gentile is exempt. I can assure you, this is a time when antisemitism has been at its highest level of occurrences for many decades. Roman Pilate announces the crucifixion of 3 criminals outside of Jerusalem during this Passover pilgrimage to warn the diaspora that Rome rules Judea (?) 3. Primarily, though, the Lords Evening Meal is a communion meal. Origin?) Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled the sanhedrim of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others and when he had formed an accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned: but as for those who seemed the most equitable of the citizens, and such as were the most uneasy at the breach of the laws, they disliked what was done; they also sent to the king [Agrippa II], desiring him to send to Ananus that he should act so no more, for that what he had already done was not to be justified; nay, some of them went also to meet Albinus, as he was upon his journey from Alexandria, and informed him that it was not lawful for Ananus to assemble a sanhedrim without his consent. See my web site for more. However, what is truly important in the history of Jesus is that Jesus was the Jewish Messiah and he fulfilled the prophecies. The different religious groups within Israel each followed their own calendar, and it was not unknown for there to be several days difference between groups. meal. Learn the history of Jewish customs and then come back with your A-game. Jesus commissioned a passover feast ( Mark 14:12-16), he concluded this feast and any further feasts that week with (Mark 14:25) Verily I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God. Jesus ate the passover meal as the Last Supper on Friday after sundown, Nisan 14th. Even $5 helps: The bread and wine, the hymn, the reclining dinersmany of these characteristic elements are shared by the Last Supper, as Jeremias pointed out. ****************************************************, //J engages in paralogism either because he is confused, or because he wants to confuse others, or both. Rick//. Bruce Chilton, A Feast of Meanings: Eucharistic Theologies from Jesus Through Johannine Circles (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994), esp. Lambs could be delivered more than 80 miles away over the whole nation. I am wondering if Mark was even attempting to present any temporal (time related) aspect in Mark 14:12? The Bible also says that after preparing the spices the ladies rested on the weekly Sabbath according to the commandment. 30:26; Neh. 14:12 first day of Unleavened Bread, when they sacrificed the Passover lambwhere will youprepareto eat the Passover? (Lk. I know absolutely the term three days in OT in Hebrew means very fast, shortly (now I cannot find probably in prophets this term), therefore, it does not really very much matter the precise numberic value of the day(s) of resurrection. It would be good to consider: Edersheim; The Temple and Its Services as well as Leeper: Prelude to Glory for contrasting views. Since all mankind was now released from the sin of Adam, if they so chose, all would commemorate the emblems of the wine and bread on the evening that began the 14th. The synoptic account stretches credulity, not just because it depicts something unlikely, but because it fails to recognize the unlikely and problematic nature of what it depicts. Each head of a household is to take the blood of the lamb and put it on the doorposts and lintel of his house. The article states: Although I do not agree with many of the conclusions and arguments in the article, I thought it was very interesting and appreciate the information contained in it. 2. In the Lord's Supper, Jesus announces that the "cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood" ( Luke 22:20 ). God explains that the blood will be a sign. Why, then, did Jesus institute the Lords Supper on Passover the night before His crucifixion? 16:117). Affiliate disclosure: As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases on Amazon.com. To Daniel. Al, assuming that the only requirement for ritually sacrificing a lamb for Passover was to have a Temple priest ritually slice through the lambs throat with a ritually clean knife, then 144 priests slicing 12 lambs a minute (5 seconds per lamb, assuming the men were lined up in a moving line holding their lamb in the right position for easy sacrifice), then it would have taken only 2 to 3 hours to sacrifice 256,000 lambs.
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