This is predominant in the Northern part of the country. During the middle ages, there was a holy war between the Christians in Europe, particularly England and Italy, and the Turks in present-day Turkey, who were predominantly Moslems. Hence when the wealth and resources of a country is not going round or has not be felt and received by a particular region or state as in the case of Nigeria, they start crying about marginalization, this causes a big conflict in the land. After several attempts to make the government stop, the crusade failed, and a riot was instigated that led to about 500 to 2000 lives lost and many properties destroyed. Tags: Religious Crisis In Nigeria Solutions and Causes of Religious Crisis In Nigeria. How does it find its reflection in society? Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis War can be defined, therefore, as a social relationship in which violence is one of the mechanisms used to adjudicate outcomes. In Zamfara, where the violence is particularly bad, both herders and farmers are mostly Muslim and mostly Fulani. Violent Extremism in the Sahel | Global Conflict Tracker It is a fact that over hundred Nigerians have lost their lives in fighting religious crisis across the federation since the beginning of democracy in 1979. Marginalization of some ethnic groups that make up the country is one of the causes of ethnic conflict in Nigeria. Thus, trust can be slowly rebuilt. African Studies Quarterly,18(3), pp.21-23. In 1981, International Boundary dispute erupted when Cameroonian Gendarmes gunned down some Nigerian Soldiers patrolling the Bakassi peninsula. In August Abu Musab al-Barnawi, the leading commander of ISWAP, was killed. (Doc) Ethno-religious Conflict in Nigeria: a Case of Jos Crises in UIA encyclopediadefines religious conflict as the intolerance of other religions and discrimination against members of other religions, religious war, the intellectual conflict, and conflict between church and state. It didnt end there. When challenges to the status quo are sufficiently threatening, the stakes are raised, as are the levels of mobilization and its consequent expression in resistance and violence. It is often argued that a religious crisis is more political than religious. Institutions power lies in their ability to affect individual behavior and associated outcomes. Religion and Conflict - Luc Reychler - George Mason University (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Causes Of Religious Conflicts In Nigeria And Possible Solutions. Read more Terms of Use. The 1980s witnessed an upsurge of religious crisis in Nigeria. AT THE outset it is important to note that religious violence refers to a phenomenon much broader, deeper and more ancient than current usage implies. Violent clashes between radical Islamist Fulani herders and Christian farmers are increasing due to a number of reasons. The farmers-herdsmen conflict is another crisis that has a religious undertone in Nigeria. Religious conflict is a problem that should be tackled before another global holy war emerges. Dominant entities seek maximum gains for minimum expenditure of resources, and violence is an inherently risky undertaking. The north practices Moslem religion while the south is predominantly of Christian faith and traditional religion. The consequences of these religious conflicts are immense. This is type of religious violence is nonconflictual and is, for this reason, by definition apolitical. Therefore, such conflicts can only occur between individuals (or groups) that are fundamentally equal. This major factor led to the Biafra secession and the resulting civil war. The content on the InfoGuide Nigeria is provided as general information only. Or not. Boko Haram insurgency - Wikipedia Moreover, both regions have ethnic and religious minorities holding grievances against three major ethnic groups they see as oppressors. What Makes a Conflict 'Religious'? - The National Interest Indeed, religious reconciliation involves practical everyday politics of inclusion and accommodation. Since the poor are not really exposed, they accept such doctrines hook line and sinker. According to reports, Numa Kochuis a predominantly Christian community comprised of those of the Mada ethnic group. The majority of Nigerias population of about 182 million follows either Islam or Christianity. 10 solutions to the inter ethnic crises and violence in Nigeria. April 12, 2023 Global Health Program, Webinar Finally, the use of ethnic and religious sentiments to cause division and conflicts will lose its appeal when you amend the constitution, and government starts fiscal federalism and devolution of power to the states and local government councils. Conflict in Nigeria Is More Complicated Than Christians vs. Muslims, Dangotes Oil Refinery Central to Nigeria Meeting Its Production Goals, Swift Response to Open Letter Alleging Gender-Based Corruption in Rwandan Cycling. The persistent religious conflicts and insecurity in Nigeria has given meaningful Nigerians a cause for deep concern in recent times. Much of what is properly termed religious violence is either entirely apolitical, as in the case of animal sacrifice, or, as in the case of human sacrifice, is at least not inherently political. The fact is that tribalism divides the people and fosters Favoritism. These are conflicts between like units, concerning where each member of the group ranks among the others. 7.2 Theoretical Framework: Realistic Conflict Group Theory Versus Social Identity Theory Wedistinguishbetweenfourtypes ofcausesthat mayleadtointerreligiousconflict.The firsttwoarebasedontheconvictionthatconflictarisesfromcompetitionforscarceresourceslikeeconomicwealthorpoliticalpower. What are the causes of social conflict in Nigeria? No link is provided, but the Council on Foreign Relations Nigeria Security Tracker (NST) documented an attack in Numa Kochu, resulting in the death of a pregnant woman and several children. The question, therefore, that faces the modern world is not about religious violence per se, but instead about religious conflict that leads to violence. People fighting for ethnic groups have emerged in the recent time such as the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). Our aim is to provide daily living guide for Nigerians and her friends. This should be done with a view of reducing the poverty rate. Similarly, during the classical period of balance of power from 1648 to 1789, the only polity to wholly disappear was the Kingdom of Poland. Read more Terms of Use. You can exercise your right to opt-out of that sharing at any time by disabling cookies. Religious Conflict in Nigeria: How it has Become a Threat to National Security and what can be Done to Stop it | Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust (HART UK) The majority of Nigeria's population of about 182 million follows either Islam or Christianity. Or is it because they are Muslim, which most Fulani are, or Christian, which those of many smallethnic groups are? Religious conflicts in Nigeria are prevalent, owing to a number of reasons. Changing institutional configurations requires overcoming the resistance of those who have vested interests in the status quo. A study by a German academic says religious conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa have been on the rise for decades. In the event that it seems most of the settlers are practicing a different religion from that of the settlers, there is usually a conflict between the two religious factions. Causes and Consequences of Ethno-Religious Conflict in Post 1999,Nigeria Religious reconciliation needs to take on an active form for it to be successful. (PDF) Religious Crises in Nigeria: Manifestation, Effect - ResearchGate Conflicts that involve an attempt to change some aspect of the institutional structure of society will meet with greater resistance, because what is at stake involves more vested interests. The prospect for combating this religious violence is equally examined. Struggle for resources:With the same divide and rule strategy, the elite political class encourages religious crises to have the lions share of the nations natural resources. Since the 2014 election of Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), hardly a week has gone by without some incident involving emboldened cow-protection vigilantes. The Fulani are traditionally semi-nomadic pastoralists based in the north of the country, but due to desertification, they are being forced southwards in search of water and grazing pastures. Christian farmers in turn view the Fulani, who often carry weapons, as encroaching on their land. Gross mismanagement of national resources and misrule by unqualified leaders, have impoverished and denied opportunities to majority of Nigerians since independence which has led to agitations by citizens. This group is fighting for the state of Biafra which many Nigerians see as an ideal which can never happen. Killings by a group suspected to be Fulani herdsmen in various parts of the country without government sanctions, had given these criminals confidence to go on carrying out these heinous crimes. There was also conflict after the Mohammed cartoons were published by the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. Read Also: 13 Causes of Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria. Gofwen, R.I., 2004. The roots of Nigeria's religious and ethnic conflict Hate Speech This is usually caused by people of high influence and follower-ship, who use the opportunity they have as a result of their influence to incite violence, causing conflict in the society. ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF JOS CRISES IN PLATEAU STATE. the origin and history of ethnic conflict in the country. The majority of the Nigerian population either follows Christianity or Islam. The Role Of Religion In Combating Corruption And Management Of People should realise that theres something called religious tolerance. Help our local partners realise their vision of hope for their communities. Religious discrimination and religious armed conflict in sub-Saharan But linking Nigerian tragedies to the tragedy that occurred in Sri Lanka and a global trend of violence against Christians overlooks important nuances in Nigerias multiple ongoing conflicts. It is the action of somebody in power favoring their relatives and friends especially in appointing them to good positions. These conflicts involve the very nature of social order and therefore can, in some sense, be understood as constitutional in nature. This could have gone into full-scale war but for Nigerias maturity, magnanimity and playing the big brother role by not retaliating. It should go further to stamp out marginalization of ethnic groups and start constitutional reforms to stop IPOBs separatist agenda. African Religion and Christanity in a changing world: A comparative approach, Nsukka. Well done.This might help me in my home work. there is bound to be a major conflict in the land from every reckless decisions they make. President Goodluck Jonathans government organized a constitutional conference in 2014 i.e. PDF Causes and Implications of Religious Conflicts in Nigeria's Political Such conflicts have caused many lives and properties to perish. How to Stop Boko Haram Activities in Nigeria, How to Start Drinks Supply, Distribution and Marketing Business in Nigeria, How to Start a Supermarket in Nigeria; Everything you Need to Know, NYSC Allowance Payment Amount under the New Administration, How to Register Church in Nigeria: A Step by Step Guide, www.remita.net How to Pay Federal Government Bills Using Remita Online Payment, Dollar to Naira Black Market Today Friday 07/07/2023 [aboki fx rate], 10 Best Redmi Phones and Prices in Nigeria, 200+ Heart Touching Morning Love Messages for your lover. You can trace causes of ethnic conflict to amalgamation, religious differences, inequality, lack of transparent governance, long military incursion in government and lack of vision or Nigerian dream, to mention but a few. Some Kano Moslem indigenes felt Bonkke had crossed the red line. Conflicts about religion tend to be at the more intense end of the continuum; those involving rulers and representative bodies more towards the middle; and those involving the precise configuration of property rights more towards the lower end. Another way to think about it: violence may fall along ethnic and religious lines, but it is not necessarily driven by those distinctions. This basic equality implies a level of trust that the players will accept the outcomes of violent competition as legitimate, and will not seek to use illegitimate forms of competition to advance their interests, because to do so would make the benefits of victory and the consequences of defeat uncertain and insecure. protracted nature and the dynamics of the conflict gave rise to different views from different scholars as regards its causes. Historically, these two major religions have coexisted This website InfoGuideNigeria.com is maintained by the advertising revenue and we noticed you have ad-blocking enabled. Conflict in Nigeria Is More Complicated Than "Christians vs. Muslims" Now, this same issue of marginalization of the IGBO ethnic group is threatening to undermine the peace of the southeast geopolitical zone, as IPOB is demanding for a separate state of Biafra. There was the 2001 Jos riots involving Christians and Moslems in Jos, Nigeria, over the appointment of a Muslim politician, Alhaji Muktar Mohammed, as local coordinator of the federal poverty alleviation program. Religion is another major cause of Nigerian conflicts in Nigeria. Amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates made up of many ethnic groups with different languages and cultures, was an error which Nigeria suffers till date. Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria: Causes and Consequences - Academia.edu Another religious conflict in Nigeria is that of the farmer-herdsmen conflict. People increasingly no longer view religion as a symbol of hope but as a cankerworn that needs to be avoided or eradicated. Blogger with a passion for personal development. It is evident that religion is a type of means that is called to unite people worldwide. However, the fact still remains that until the deep-rooted causes are attended to and a lasting solution is proffered, the conflict will . Idleness exposes them to bad doctrines. Be it from the unfavourable decisions they make, their constant medical trips abroad that divides opinions, their inability to unite the country etc. They become easy to be bribed and bought over. 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African Journal on conflict resolution,16(1), pp.87-110. Read Also:The Role of Public Protest on Government Policies. To replace it, Nigerians are asking for a true constitution prepared by the people and for the people. However, rather often this matter is got involved in conflicts, being the most influential weapon in the hands of some leaders. Both economic development and religious reconciliation are necessary to rebuild trust and stabilise the country. The entire structure of international relations since 1945 has sought to reserve conflict for legitimate units (states recognized by other states), using specific forms of conflict resolution to establish their relative rank and status. Here we publish several helpful articles in various categories, such as how-to articles, where to find things, resources, business, interviews and reviews. You might want to ask, when will this stop or how can we stop these menace? Ethnic and religious crises in Nigeria - ACCORD However, Boko Haram which has taken mindless killings and destructions to a sickening level tops them all. This is to ensure adequate protection of lives and property. Michelle Gavin, Ebenezer Obadare, and other experts track political and security developments across sub-Saharan Africa. The team comprises professionals and Consultants from different fields of human endeavour. HART partner, Canon Hassan John reports that Christians and Muslims are socialising in each others communities more frequently, sharing food and forming football teams made up with both Christians and Muslims, which has brought a sense of unity and friendship. While some victims are Muslims, the majority are Christians. this will prevent crisis and unwanted religious violence in Nigeria. However, it requires the unity of the government, administrative organs, and inhabitants of a country. February 1, 2023 Further, the economy remains in the doldrums, and the country now has the most people living in extreme poverty in the world. Renewing America, Backgrounder The consequences are far-reaching and threaten national security. Read Also: The Nexus between Climate Change and Herdsmen Crisis in Nigeria. Otite, O. and Albert, I.O. Religious bigotry between Christians and Moslems is one of the key causes of ethnic conflict in Nigeria. READ ALSO: What is African traditional religion? Since the awakening of religion, wars have been fought in the name of different gods and goddesses. Religious Violence in Contemporary Nigeria: Implications and Options Firstly, the government needs to take religious violence seriously and take a more active role in ending it. Of course, its socioeconomic impacts in underdeveloped and/or developing countries is very much significant. To solve ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria, therefore, corruption needs to be dealt with because it is the main barrier towards achieving national unity. Because the colonialist formed the country out of diverse ethnic nationalities, there is no ideal to inspire patriotism among citizens. There are an estimated 2.5 million displaced people in the Lake Chad Basin and over 300,000 Nigerian refugees as a result of this conflict [4]. In America, you have the American dream but in Nigeria, there is no vision which citizens fight to uphold. Identifying the perpetrators of atrocities in both countries is difficult. (PDF) ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF JOS - ResearchGate The new constitution should devolve power over resource development and distribution from the central government, to states and local governments to make sure of economic justice and equity. They compete with each other for centuries, causing intolerance and social-political crises not only in Nigeria. This is one of the causes of ethnic conflict in Nigeria. His nephew Abba Kyari is the current Chief of Staff to his government. It argues that colonialism, divergent perception of the Nigerian state intra-elite power struggle, the national economic crisis, politicisation of religion and educational backwardness are some of the causes of religious conflicts in the northern Nigeria. Religion and Violence 1. This increases creativity and engages youths. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. All girls were eventually released except Leah Sharibu, who reportedly refused to denounce her Christian faith. The answer is not far fetched. Until groups that kill other citizens and cause unrest receive adequate punishments for their crime, to serve as deterrent to other groups this unprovoked attacks and killings will continue. Many of them wonder why religion which used to be the cohesive factor and core of national unity, peaceful co-existence and national development has become a tool for political manipulation, . What I want to emphasize is that leaders has to be kin to practice adaptive leadership. [21] Herder-farmer conflicts Since the Fourth Nigerian Republic 's founding in 1999, farmer-herder violence has killed thousands of people and displaced tens of thousands more. You might want to ask, when will this stop or how can we stop these menace? Ethnic and Religious Violence Worsen in Kaduna Religious conflict in Nigeria: Causes and solutions - Skabash In these land disputes kith and kin kill themselves cheaply because of tussle over ownership of land. Or, in slightly less unwieldy terms, it is about violence that occurs at the intersection of religion and politics. Here we briefly examine the root causes of the religious crisis in Nigeria and how they can be mitigated. Corruption and unqualified leaders cause ethnic conflict in Nigeria. 6:00 AM EDT By Moses Ochonu Nigerian Army forces man a checkpoint to protect Sunday Christian prayer services in Sokoto, Nigeria on April 14, 2013, where less than 5 percent of the population is Christian.
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