Extension cords (extension leads) are used for temporary connections when a socket is not within convenient reach of an appliance's power lead. Electrical outlet - Energy Education You wouldn't be wrong in calling it a socket. Australia's standard plug/socket system was originally codified as standard C112 (floated provisionally in 1937, and adopted as a formal standard in 1938), which was based on a design patented by Harvey Hubbell and was superseded by AS3112 in 1990. a socket call, a socket connection is made between an application on the client and an application on the server. Appliances were never sold fitted with these security plugs, and the use of adaptors would defeat the safety features, so the supplied plugs had to be cut off and replaced with the security connector. Adaptors allow travellers to connect devices to foreign sockets, but do not change voltage or frequency. An earthed Thai socket that appears to comply with figure4 of TIS166-2549. One type of terminal block accepts wires that are prepared only by stripping a short length of insulation from the end. It may be rated at either 10A or 16A. Insecure mounting of connectors (primarily chassis-mounted) can contribute significantly to the risk of failure, especially when subjected to extreme shock or vibration. Universal sockets may not meet technical standards for durability, plug retention force, temperature rise of components, or other performance requirements, as they are outside the scope of national and international technical standards. Plugs and sockets for portable appliances became available in the 1880s, to replace connections to light sockets with wall-mounted outlets. The two gauges for plugs and sockets thus became a de facto standard which is now formalized under CEI23-50. Backshells are a common accessory for industrial and high-reliability connectors, especially circular connectors. Sometimes the cords used to plug in dual voltage 120V / 240V equipment are rated only for 125V, so care must be taken by travellers to use only cords with an appropriate voltage rating. Electrical Code Requirements for Outlets in the Home [8] Insulators must have a high electrical resistance, withstand high temperatures, and be easy to manufacture for a precise fit. However, the inverted orientation (with ground pin downwards) is more commonly used. The socket has a circular recess with two round holes and two earthing clips that engage before live pin contact is made. The connector has three rectangular pins in a row, with the grounding pin longer than other two. The most common type features two vertical slots for the electrical prongs and a single hole for the grounding prong, but there are many other types of wall plugs made for varying purposes, like surge protection, tamper . Australian/New Zealand standard AS/NZS 3112 (Type I), used in Australasia, CEE 7/1 unearthed socket and CEE 7/2 unearthed plug, CEE7/16 Alternative II "Europlug" (Type C), China GB2099.12008 and GB10022008 (Type A & I), North America, Central America and IEC 60906-2, Type letters are from the International Electrotechnical Commission (. As early as 1885 a two-pin plug and wall socket format was available on the British market. [36] According to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,[37] the stationary (more fixed) connector of a pair is classified as a jack (denoted J), usually attached to a piece of equipment as in a chassis-mount or panel-mount connector. To reduce the risk of electric shock, plug and socket systems have safety features in addition to the recessed contacts of the energised socket. This plug has three rectangular pins forming an isosceles triangle. Electrical Sockets Explained By Melanie Griffiths last updated 17 May 2021 We explain the parts and elements of an electrical socket (Image credit: Jeremy Phillips) The 16A three-pin earthed rear entry plug is designated CEI23-50S17 (there are also two side-entry versions, SPA17 and SPB17). [27][25], In a connector with hyperboloid contacts, each female contact has several equally spaced longitudinal wires twisted into a hyperbolic shape. Sockets are polarised (as in NEMA5-15). In other applications the two ends are terminated differently, either with male and female of the same connector (as in an extension cord), or with incompatible connectors, which is sometimes called an adapter cable. Media related to Electrical connectors at Wikimedia Commons. Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor. The reason is that you can touch the conductor of a pin, so you don't want to have a voltage on it. [1] They were also used in the Ministry of Defence Main Building on circuits powered from the standby generators to stop staff from plugging in unauthorised devices. The BS1363 plug has a fuse rated to protect its flexible cord from overload and consequent fire risk. [44][45] Therefore, some North American devices which can be physically plugged into Japanese sockets may not function properly. The nominal pin dimensions of the 10A version are: 1.5mm thick by 6.4mm wide, the line & neutral are 18mm long, and the earth is 21mm long. The devices are named using the format NEMA n-mmX, where n is an identifier for the configuration of pins and blades, mm is the maximum current rating, and X is either P for plug or R for receptacle. By about 1910 the first three-pin earthed (grounded) plugs appeared. On the plugs, the pole length is 18.2mm (0.717in) for the 10A version and 17.8mm (0.701in) for the 20A version. Occasionally, they are found in the ceiling for powering devices . Harvey Hubbell patented a parallel blade plug in 1913, where the blades were equal width (U.S. Patent 1,064,833). [26][27] This was done because little[citation needed] electrical equipment sold to private users is equipped with a Danish plug. Safety advocates, the United States Army,[5] and a manufacturer of sockets[6] point out a number of safety issues with universal socket and adaptors, including voltage mismatch, exposure of live pins, lack of proper earth ground connection, or lack of protection from overload or short circuit. Electrical Switches & Sockets - Their Types & Uses - Schneider Electric the male component, called a plug, connects to the female component, or socket. In 1989 the standard was revised, with three round 4.5mm (0.177in) pins in the same locations designed to allow the socket to accept both older and newer Israeli plugs, and also non-earthed Europlugs (often used in Israel for equipment which does not need to be earthed and does not use more current than the Europlug is rated for). CEE7/4 (Schuko), CEE7/7 (Schuko-French hybrid), and earthed CEE7/6 French plugs will also fit into the socket but will not provide an earth connection and may be attached to appliances requiring more than the 13A maximum rating of the socket. What is a socket? - IBM It has two round pins measuring 4.8 by 19mm (0.189 by 0.748in). 3. What is an Electrical Outlet, Receptacle or Socket Outlet? Today, sockets without switch are allowed, but then it is a requirement that the sockets have a cavity to prevent touching the live pins. Although being often called "Argentinian plug," it is actually based on the American NEMA10-20 standard, and is incompatible[how?] Some connectors, particularly those with large numbers of contacts, require high forces to connect and disconnect. It has a round body like the European CEE7/2 or flat body with a round base like CEE7/17. Strip the ends of your wires. In the case of insulated crimp connectors, the crimped area lies under an insulating sleeve through which the pressing force acts. This is in contrast to the rectangular design of some connectors, e.g. Although similar to the Europlug TypeC, the diameter and spacing of the pins are slightly different and hence it will not fit into a Schuko socket. Power conductors carrying more than a few amperes are more reliably terminated with other means, though "hot tap" press-on connectors find some use in automotive applications for additions to existing wiring. It may be used for unearthed ClassII appliances (and in South Korea for all domestic non-earthed appliances). The plug is three wire, earthed, rated at 10A, 250V and used for Class1 applications; a slightly larger 16A version also exists. Electrical plugs and sockets differ from one another in voltage and current rating, shape, size, and connector type. Wiring systems where both circuit conductors have a significant potential with respect to earth do not benefit from polarised plugs. In New Zealand, PDL940 "tap-on" or "piggy-back" plugs are available which allow a second 10A plug to be fitted to the rear of the plug. [20] They also require around 40% less insertion force[25] as low as 0.3 newtons (1ozf) per contact,[26] which extends the lifespan, and in some cases offers an alternative to zero insertion force connectors. Sockets are often associated with lights and outlets. The material used for connector contact, plating type and thickness is a major factor that determines the mating cycles.[35]. Power plug & outlet Types A & B - WorldStandards They could be altered to fit a CEE7/5 or CEE7/3 socket by cutting notches with a sharp knife. [39], Crimped contacts are permanent (i.e. This article is about the usage in domestic and light commercial environments. The United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta use the BS4573 two-pin plug and socket for electric shavers and toothbrushes. noun 1. a device into which an electric plug can be inserted in order to make a connection in a circuit 2. mainly British such a device mounted on a wall and connected to the electricity supply Informal Brit names: point, plug. The Soviet GOST7396 standard includes both the CEE7/17 and the CEE7/16 variantII plug. Brazil, which had been using mostly Europlugs, and NEMA1-15 and NEMA5-15 standards, adopted a (non-compliant) variant of IEC60906-1 as the national standard in 1998 under specification NBR14136 (revised in 2002). Take care to avoid nicking the metal of the wire, which can cause electrical faults later. Often, but not always, sockets are permanently fixed to a device as in a chassis connector (see above), and plugs are attached to a cable. It will accept plugs of types11, 12, 15 and the Europlug. The type 15 plug has three round pins, of the same dimensions as type12, plus two smaller flat rectangular pins for two additional power phases. All accept a 1-15P plug; the two on the left also accept grounded 5-15P plugs; the second from the left also accepts 5-20P plugs. Tamper-resistant sockets may be required in new residential construction, with shutters on the power blade sockets to prevent contact by objects inserted into the socket. The Danish socket will also accept the CEE7/16 Europlug or CEE7/17 Schuko-French hybrid plug. [18] In some cases, this backshell provides a hermetic seal, or some degree of ingress protection, through the use of grommets, O-rings, or potting.[15]. The most important difference from the Australian plug is that the Argentinian plug is wired with the live and neutral contacts reversed. The contacts are positioned on both sides of the plug; the plug is energised only when it is inserted fully into the socket. ELECTRICAL OUTLET | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary The new standard has an earth pin, which in theory eliminates the need for the flying earth tail.[18]. Insulation displacement connectors are usually used with small conductors for signal purposes and at low voltage. Locking levers and jackscrews and screw-in shells for such connectors frequently serve both to retain the connector when connected and to provide the force needed for connection and disconnection. [7]:50 The clamping screw may act in the longitudinal axis (parallel to the wire) or the transverse axis (perpendicular to the wire), or both. They can be used to join multiple conductors,[43] to connect wires to a printed circuit board, or to terminate a cable into a plug or socket. The term jack occurs in several related terms: Crimped connectors are a type of solderless connection, using mechanical friction and uniform deformation to secure a connector to a pre-stripped wire (usually stranded). The earth pin is centred between the apertures, offset by 10mm (0.394in). Russian stove connectors rated 250V 25A AC. Some connectors are designed such that certain pins make contact before others when inserted, and break first on disconnection. It is also employed for digital signals, as a method to sequence connections properly in hot swapping. Over time, an outlet receptacle can see cord plugs inserted and withdrawn hundreds of times, and like any other mechanical device, they eventually wear out or . [7]:40 By definition, each end of this "adapter" has a different connection method e.g. Screw connections are frequently used for semi-permanent wiring and connections inside devices, due to their simple but reliable construction. It defines a plug with an earthing pin, and two flat current-carrying pins which form an inverted V-shape. The Danish standard provides for sockets to have child-resistant shutters. Almost every appliance sold in Italy nowadays is equipped with CEE7/7 (German/French), CEE7/16 or CEE7/17 plugs, but the standard Italian sockets will not accept the first and the third ones since the pins of the CEE7/7 and CEE7/17 plugs are thicker (4.8mm) than the Italian ones (4mm); besides the pins are not sheathed and forcing them into a linear Italian socket may lead to electric shock. The Schuko system is unpolarised, allowing live and neutral to be reversed. Since 1965, ungrounded type A outlets are not permitted anymore in new constructions in the United States and Canada, but they can still be found in older buildings. This relates to the side of the connector where the pins are anchored:[20], Many plug and socket connectors are attached to a wire or cable by soldering conductors to electrodes on the back of the connector. A plug is the movable connector attached to an electrically operated device, and the socket is fixed on equipment or a building structure and connected to an energised electrical circuit. 16 A plug and socket: Pins which are 5mm in diameter, the centres spaced 26mm apart. In older homes and some cities, steel outlet boxes and armored cable are the rule. It is rated at 16A. Gently remove the outlet from the box. The pins are not sheathed, in contrast to e.g. It is not permissible within the UK for the shaver socket to be fitted and used for a higher rated current draw than the 200mA maximum. The adaptors were mostly used for low power appliances (for example, connecting both a table lamp and a radio to a socket). Electrical Outlet (NEC) is also known as Receptacle and more commonly a Socket Outlet (IEC). [61] The socket is rectangular, with lateral key pins and indentations to maintain polarisation, and to prevent insertion of a plug with different current ratings. Type L comes in two variations with ratings of 10A & 16A having different pin diameters and spacing from each other. A typical use is for appliances that exceed the 2.5A rating of CEE7/16 europlugs. Isolation transformers and dedicated NEMA 1-15 shaver receptacles were once standard installation practice in North America, but now a GFCI receptacle is used instead. Fretting (so-called dynamic corrosion) is a common failure mode in electrical connectors that have not been specifically designed to prevent it, especially in those that are frequently mated and de-mated. This standard was intended to one day become common for all of Europe and other regions with 230V mains, but the effort to adopt it as a European Union standard was put on hold in the mid-1990s.[29]. Examples of systems using special purpose sockets include: Special-purpose sockets may be labelled or coloured to identify a reserved use of a system, or may have keys or specially shaped pins to prevent use of unintended equipment. As part of China's commitment for entry into the WTO, the new CPCS (Compulsory Product Certification System) has been introduced, and compliant Chinese plugs have been awarded the CCC Mark by this system. Plug & socket types - WorldStandards The system is not compatible with Italian CEI plugs, nor with Europlugs. [54], The plug is similar to, but not interchangeable with, the Israeli SI32 plug. The requirement for insulated pins was introduced in the 2004 revision. Electrical contact is made by the flat surface of the ring or spade, while mechanically they are attached by passing a screw or bolt through them. Multisocket adaptors allow the connection of two or more plugs to a single socket. Good to Know: Outlets, Sockets & Receptacles are the same in the Canadian National . Isolated power for medical instruments, tools used in wet conditions, or electric razors. The type 11 plug is unearthed, with two 4mm diameter round pins spaced 19mm apart. Some of these countries have national standards based on BS1363, including: Ireland, Malaysia, Malta, Singapore, Bahrain, Sri Lanka and Saudi Arabia. In modern installations in Italy (and in other countries where TypeL plugs are used) it is usual to find sockets that can accept more than one standard. [2] Some types can also include fuses and switches. This allows connecting more than one electrical consumer item to one single socket and is mainly used for low power devices (TVsets, table lamps, computers, etc.). The type 12 socket has no recess, while the type13 socket is recessed. You can insert a cord or lightbulb into one. This Australian/New Zealand standard is used in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea. The sockets will accept "Type 1x" plugs. An IEC standard 61558-2-5, adopted by CENELEC and as a national standard in some countries, describes one type of shaver supply unit. Also known as outlets, receptacles, electrical sockets, and plugs, wall plugs are specifically designed to allow electrical equipment to connect to the electrical grid. Many connectors are keyed with some mechanical component (sometimes called a keyway), which prevents mating in an incorrect orientation. NEMA connector Ungrounded (L) and grounded (R) power plugs Common North American 125 volt receptacles. Introduced in 1934, the BS546 type has mostly been displaced in the UK by the BS1363 standard. [1] Keying also prevents otherwise symmetrical connectors from being connected in the wrong orientation or polarity. Other methods, while requiring a special tool, can assemble connectors much faster and more reliably, and make repairs easier. i.e. [32] The connector consists of a barrel, a spring, and a plunger. A jack is a connector that installs on the surface of a bulkhead or enclosure, and mates with its reciprocal, the plug. Using a plug or power cord that is inappropriate for the load may be a safety hazard. In computing, electrical connectors are considered a physical interface and constitute part of the physical layer in the OSI model of networking. They have a high number of contact points, which provides a more electrically reliable connection than traditional pin and socket connectors.[34]. Alternative II, popularly known as the Europlug, is a flat 2.5A-rated plug defined by Cenelec standard EN50075 and national equivalents. The plugs have three round pins arranged in a triangle, with the larger top pin being the earthing pin. - Solved Examples Most residential devices are 15A, but on occasion a 20A device may be appropriate. The pins of the secondary plug (which lacked insulation sleeves) could not be inserted into the cylindrical sockets completely, leaving a 5mm gap between the primary and secondary plugs. Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60906-1 Brazilian NBR 14136 standard, AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types, AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types BS 4573 (UK shaver), National Electrical Manufacturers Association, National Electrical Contractors Association, History of AC power plugs and sockets Obsolete types, "Alert noting non-compliant power strips", "Sri Lanka Sets National Standard for Plugs and Socket Outlets", "Army Sustainment: The Three Most Common Electrical Safety Issues in Deployed Environments", ftp://ftp.cencenelec.eu/CENELEC/TCs/61/PlugsSockets.pdf, "Mains Plugs with Insulated Pins. the solder tabs on a male phone connector, and the male phone connector itself. There are two primary types of outlets: domestic and industrial. [19] These housings may also allow intermixing of electrical and non-electrical interfaces, examples of the latter being pneumatic line connectors, and optical fiber connectors. These sockets, including the CEE7/1, CEE7/3 (German/"Schuko"), CEE7/5 (French). Crimping usually requires a specialised crimping tool, but the connectors are quick and easy to install and are a common alternative to solder connections or insulation displacement connectors. Terminal blocks (also called terminal boards or strips) provide a convenient means of connecting individual electrical wires without a splice or physically joining the ends. They provide no ground connection but will fit a grounding NEMA5-15 receptacle. Type A and B plugs have two flat prongs with (often, but not always) a . Another analogy used to describe socket communication is a telephone conversation. The unearthed type 21 plug has two rectangular pins, with centres 19mm apart. The NEMA 5-15 plug has two flat parallel blades like NEMA1-15, and a ground (earth) pin. Older sockets are so shallow that it is possible to accidentally touch the live pins of a plug. The socket accepts Europlugs and CEE7/17 plugs. SOCKET | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary These mating surfaces are mounted into identical fittings that freely mate with any other, without regard for gender (provided that the size and type match). These are the same as their 10A "Type 1x" counterparts, but replace the round pins with 4mm 5mm rectangular pins. [40] It is rated 15A at 125volts. The plug has two round pins measuring 4.8 by 19mm (0.189 by 0.748in), spaced 19mm (0.748in) apart and with an aperture for the socket's projecting earth pin. A third contact for a connection to earth is intended to protect against insulation failure of the connected device. CEE 7/2 and 7/4 plugs are not compatible with the CEE7/5 socket because of the round earthing pin permanently mounted in the socket. Electrical Outlets & Receptacles - D & F Liquidators This includes models rated at 10A and 16A that differ in contact diameter and spacing (see below for details). The pre-1989 system has three flat pins in a Y-shape, with line and neutral 19mm (0.75in) apart. Vimar brand claims to have patented this socket first in 1975[39] with their Bpresa model; however soon other brands started selling similar products, mostly naming them with the generic term presa bipasso (twin-gauge socket) that is now of common use. The earthed CEE7/3 and CEE7/5 sockets do not allow insertion of CEE7/2 unearthed round plugs. It can be inserted into Israeli SI32 with some difficulty. Plug can only be inserted one way with French CEE7/5, but lack of wiring convention means that the system is not polarised. There is a variation for hospital equipment with a rectangular left pin, which is used for life support equipment. The box is crafted with non-conductive PVC for durability and is fire rated and UL Listed to help ensure safety. In terms of mathematical graph theory, an electrical power distribution network made up of plugs and sockets is a directed tree, with the directionality arrows corresponding to the female-to-male transfer of electrical power through each mated connection. [7]:15 Alternatives include brass, phosphor bronze, and beryllium copper. Some disadvantages are that connecting wires is more difficult than simply plugging in a cable, and screw terminals are generally not very well protected from contact with persons or foreign conducting materials. An outlet can be a socket but a socket isn't always an outlet. [40] Solder joints are also more prone to mechanical failure than crimped joints when subjected to vibration and compression.[42]. [14] The flat pins measure 6.5 by 1.6mm (0.256 by 0.063in) and are set at 30 to the vertical at a nominal pitch of 13.7mm (0.539in). CEE7/16 europlugs. The Japanese Class II plug and socket appear physically identical to NEMA1-15 and also carries 15A. Depending on the supply system, one or both current-carrying connections may have significant voltage to earth ground. It can be inserted in either direction, so line and neutral are connected arbitrarily.
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