Anarchism in Germany - Wikipedia The German National People's Party ( German: Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) was a national-conservative party in Germany during the Weimar Republic. [104] After the "betrayal" of the Dawes Plan vote, the fraction of the DNVP mostly closely associated with the Pan-German League had started a major effort to take over the party's grass-roots to prevent another "betrayal", a slow, but steady process that would ultimately prove the undoing of Count von Westarp. Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Germany) As part of their efforts to co-operate, the NSDAP and the DNVP MdRs walked out of the Reichstag on 11 February 1931 to protest the high-handed ways of the Brning government. German Catholics were also prohibited from joining right-wing paramilitary organizations such as the Young German Order and DNVP-affiliated Stahlhelm,[59] and Catholic bishops barred Catholics and clergymen from sitting in the DNVP parliamentary delegations. Hamilton (1982), pp.238-239, 375-376, 381-382, 416-419. [131] Hugenberg had initially planned in the winter of 192829 to use as his wedge issue a plan for constitutional reform, but dropped it in favor of a referendum on the Young Plan when he discovered that the idea of constitutional reform was too abstract for most people, and that portraying the Young Plan as a monstrous form of financial "slavery" for our "children's children" was much more visceral, emotional and effective way of appealing to public opinion. However, the two DNVP men who did serve in von Papen's government, namely Baron Wilhelm von Gayl as Interior minister and Franz Grtner as Justice Minister, where both were noted for their hostility to democracy and support for authoritarianism. Hugenberg had nearly scuttled Hitler's chances of getting the Chancellorship when he objected to Hitler's proposed Cabinet line-up; complaining that too many portfolios went to the Nazis and not enough to the D.N.V.P. Despite some support from the Nazis for the monarchy prior to 1933, all monarchist organisations in the state were banned almost immediately in 1933 and their members prosecuted. [118] The American historian John Leopold noted that the local offices "tended to accept hard-line propaganda literally, but the interest groups which filled the party's coffers insisted on coalition and compromise. During his time in Hitler's cabinet Hugenberg did not stand in the way of Hitler's efforts to make himself a dictator. Adolf Hitler's 1923 "Beer Hall Putsch" in Munich had the restoration of the monarchy as its pretext. {{bottomLinkPreText}}{{bottomLinkText}}This page is based on a Wikipediaarticle written bycontributors(read/edit). Monarchist Party may refer to: Monarchist Party of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, established 1990 Monarchist Party of Russia, established 2012 Monarchist National Party, Italian party established in 1946 People's Monarchist Party (Portugal), established 1974 People's Monarchist Party (Italy), established 1954 Which is only a plus, of course. Hitler and the Nazis were products of the twentieth century. On the afternoon of 27 Februaryhours before the fireGrtner had submitted a draft decree which, like the Reichstag Fire Decree, would have imposed draconian restrictions on civil liberties in the name of curbing Communist violence. Active only in Northern and Northwestern Germany, it won 1.8% of the votes and five seats in the first Bundestag election of 1949. [201] In March 1933, DVNP leaders in Frankfurt, Hanover and Kiel were complaining that the police and SA were harassing them. [138], Hugenberg's efforts led to the Young Plan referendum on 22 December 1929. Especially after the party chairmanship, invested with dictatorial powers, was conferred on Adolf Hitler in 1921, the NSDAP sought, through chauvin- doing away with the Treaty of Versailles), restoring the monarchy under the Hohenzollern family, a return to the policy of pre-1914 navalism in order to make Germany a world power, a "strong state" to combat the Great Depression and a "moral rebirth of our people" by the "deepening of Christian awareness". Under the leadership of the populist media entrepreneur Alfred Hugenberg from 1928, the party reclaimed its reactionary nationalist and anti-republican rhetoric and changed its strategy to mass mobilisation, plebiscites and support of authoritarian rule by the President instead of work by parliamentary means. However, the Bavarian government under Heinrich Held hesitated to carry out such a step in February 1933, being discouraged to do so by the lack of support from the German President Paul von Hindenburg and the Reichswehr. Despite the move to the center at the level of high politics, at the grass-roots of the party the opposite direction prevailed. Other former DNVP members executed after the 20 July plot included Ferdinand von Lninck, Walter Cramer, Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin, and Paul Lejeune-Jung while Ewald Loeser was imprisoned. [109], Westarp's efforts to include the DNVP within the government tied himself and the party in many knots since he had to engage in compromises with his coalition partners that offended much of the party's grass-roots, especially the more hardline fraction that disapproved of participation in the government while all the time insisting that he was staying faithful to the party's original platform of relentless opposition to the republic, which made him look both insincere and unprincipled. As mentioned above, many prominent DNVP members had long favoured scrapping Weimar's democracy in favour of an authoritarian system. [117] The fact that Admiral Tirpitz of the DNVP appeared alongside and spoke with Hitler at the anti-Young Plan rallies was taken by many of the DNVP voters as a sign that Hitler was now a respectable figure who was rubbing shoulders with war heroes. [206] Before leaving for London Hugenberg had objected to a speech by the Foreign Minister Baron Konstantin von Neurath where Neurath had said about the London conference: "The National Socialist government has shown it is willing to work together with other nations in the political arena. Category:Monarchism in Germany - Wikipedia The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi party system. Protestant spirit must remain strong in our Fatherland. Another DNVP politician (Theodor Duesterberg) was heckled with shouts of "Jew boy!" [210], Hugenberg had made himself into an embarrassment for the new regime by being indiscreet enough to advance the claim to Germany's Lebensraum (living space) at a time when Germany was still more or less disarmed, which forced Hitler to disavow his statements in London. Is this a new series?I like hearing about monarchist organizations around the world and seeing progress, makes it seem less like a lost cause and more like it could actually happen. Hugenberg returned the party to a course of fundamental opposition against the Republic with a greater emphasis on nationalism and reluctant co-operation with the Nazi Party. This marked the NSDAP's electoral breakthrough to the mainstream. By voting for it the DNF had served its purpose as far as Hitler was concerned and he had no further need for it. [85] As the parties of the Weimar coalition did not have a two-thirds majority in the Reichstag, it was clear that the DNVP would have to vote for the Dawes Plan to have it ratified. [218] In accounts of its own history and origins, the CDU tended to downplay its DNVP roots, while stressing its continuities from the Centre Party and the small Protestant Christian Social People's Service. Hey MM,I'm sure you've ran across the Royalist Party. While many Reichsbrger refuse to endorse the legitimacy of Germanys current democratic state, the lack of unified vision within the movement makes it unclear which system would be preferable, the constitutional monarchy of Kaiser Wilhelm II, the democratic experiment of Weimar Germany or the dictatorship of Nazi Germany. [66] Erzberger sued Helfferich for libel over his statement that Erzberger was "dishonestly combining political activity with his own financial interests". [5] However, the Federal Court of Justice of Germany overturned the original rulings in favour of Georg Friedrich's uncles, the case being remanded to the courts at Hechingen and Stuttgart. Attempts were made to establish the office of a President of Bavaria, but those remained unsuccessful. -Monarchy guarantees solidarity between the German federal and lnder governments and thus strengthens the European idea. Thank you very much for keeping up every day. No Spenglerian historicizing for them; power was the goal". [203] In May 1933 a massive press campaign was started by the National Socialist newspapers demanding that Hugenberg resign from the Cabinet. Germany Isn't Sure They Deserve It. Under the cloak of loyalty to the Monarchy, they either held aloof or sabotaged the efforts of successive Chancellors to give a stable government to the Republic. 3rd Kingdom of Hungary | Union Concepts Wiki | Fandom November 1921, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchism_in_Bavaria_after_1918&oldid=1134841392, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 00:19. A major problem for the DNVP throughout its entire existence was the tension caused between its tendency towards a policy of total opposition to the Weimar Republic and pressure from many of its supporters for the DNVP to participate in the government. Not long after, a fire broke out and largely destroyed the Reichstag building. What is lacking, to me, is strategy and organisation to promote the ideal in the public forum and connect with those youth who are interested. [129] This was especially the case because the "Grand Coalition" government of the Social Democratic Chancellor Hermann Mller was composed of the left-wing SPD, the right of center Catholic Zentrum, the liberal DDP and the moderate conservative DVPin short all of the parties that Hugenberg was seeking to destroy by forcing them to defend the Young Plan, and therefore making it seem they were in favor of paying reparations and the Treaty of Versailles. . Older men raised in the prewar era of peace and prosperity, the German Nationals identified their superiority as social, intellectual and racial. Otherwise we are finished, whether he succeeds in grabbing power for himself or if he fails. In truth, only a small portion of the movement can be defined as such. At the same time, it lost many votes to Adolf Hitler's rising Nazi Party. D. Childs, 'The Far-Right in Germany since 1945', L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan, Neo-Fascism in Europe, Harlow: Longman, 1992, p. 70. Its supporters came from dedicated nationalists, the aristocracy, parts of the middle class and big business. [84] The British historian Sir John Wheeler-Bennett wrote "At no time during the Weimar Republic did they make a single constructive contribution to the government of the country". [85], At first, the DNVP tried to avoid an internal split caused by the up-coming Dawes Plan vote by insisting upon several conditions in exchange for voting for the Dawes Plan such as the appointment of Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz as Chancellor, firing Stresemann as the foreign minister and the removal of Otto Braun as Prussian minister-president together with the rest of the Social Democrats from the Prussian government. The presence of former military figures and a former parliamentarian among the most recently arrested group suggest the Reichsbrger are not without potential influence. [121] Reflecting this background, Hugenberg proved himself to be a consistent champion of German imperialism, and one of the major themes of his time as leader was the call for Germany to resume overseas expansion and to regain the lost colonies in Africa. Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson & Michalina Vaughan. Translation for 'monarchist party' in the free English-German dictionary and many other German translations. German Communist Party Deutsche Kommunistische Partei: DKP Patrik Kbele: Communism Marxism-Leninism: Far-left: German Party - The Liberals Deutsche Partei - Die Freiheitlichen: DP Gerd-Uwe Dahlmann: National conservatism German nationalism Right-wing populism: Right-wing: German Protestant League Deutsche Protestantische Liga . A federation of the three hard-right parties DKP-DRP, DP and NDP was prohibited by the Allied occupation authorities in 1949, but in 1950 DKP-DRP and NDP merged into the Deutsche Reichspartei (DRP), which enjoyed temporary representation in a few states' parliaments. [citation needed]. The funeral of Ludwig III on 5 November 1921 was feared or hoped to spark a restoration of the monarchy. .the tiny monarchist party. Villarejo's name had been circulating in the Spanish press for years. The DNVP was briefly revived in 1962 as a tiny splinter party, but the new DNVP soon afterwards was merged into the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD), among whose co-leaders was former DNVP member Heinrich Fassbender.[221]. Several prominent former DNVP members were involved in the 20 July plot against Hitler in 1944. In the presidential election of 1925, the DNVP supported Karl Jarres for president, who was defeated in the first round by Zentrum's Wilhelm Marx, who however failed to gain a majority. Baron von Gayl, the DNVP Interior Minister played a key role in planning the "Rape of Prussia" together with Chancellor von Papen and the Defense Minister General Kurt von Schleicher as part of the move towards authoritarian government by destroying one of the strongest pillars of democracy in Germany. [136] Many Ruhr industrialists who normally supported the DNVP such as Abraham Frowein, Clemens Lammers, Carl Friedrich von Siemens, and Paul Silverberg signed a petition in the fall of 1929 objecting to the section of the "Freedom Law" calling for the prosecution of those politicians who supported the Young Plan as "detrimental" to the workings of politics and stated that a victory for the Yes side in the referendum on the Freedom Law "would frustrate all efforts at improving the German situation for the foreseeable future". [128] The American historian John Leopold wrote that "Hugenberg debated political issues in terms of a simplistic, philosophic disjunctiona man was either for the nation or he was against it". Of the 19 cabinets between 1919 and 1932, the DNVP took part in only two governments and their total period in office over this 13-year period was 27 months. The party was formed in December 1918 by a merger of the German Conservative Party and the Free Conservative Party of the old monarchic German Empire. It was surely prosperous as it always has been just like today, but there were issues. [188] The shouting match between the two men delayed the swearing in of the cabinet and was only finally mediated by Presidential state secretary Otto Meissner who warned Hitler and Hugenberg that Hindenburg would not wait forever and by Von Papen who told Hugenberg that he should never doubt the word of a fellow German. If we go with Hitler, we must harness him. In an article by Wilhelm Henning, it was claimed Rathenau was somehow involved with the assassination of Count Wilhelm von Mirbach, the German ambassador to the Soviet Union in 1918, and that the fact that Rathenau did not mention Mirbach's assassination during his visit to the Soviet Union in April 1922 being presented as proof that Rathenau had a hand in Mirbach's death. Representing chauvinistic opinion hostile to the republic and to the Allies' reparation demands following World War I, it supported the restoration of [98], Between 1925 and 1928, the party slightly moderated its tone and actively cooperated in successive governments. Monarchist definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary Major parties. [144] Broszat argued that what happened between 1929 and 1932 was that the supporters of the radical right-wing DNVP had abandoned it for the even more radical right-wing NSDAP. [2][3], Parties represented in the Bundestag and/or the European Parliament, Regional parties represented in only one state parliaments, Defunct parties in the Federal Republic of Germany, Defunct parties in Allied-occupied Germany, Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters, Alliance for Human Rights, Animal- and Nature Protection, Arminius Association of the German People, From Now on Democracy Through Referendum, Germans Originating from all of Germany (Autochthons), Party Human Environment Animal protection, Human world - for the well-being and happiness of all, INDEPENDENTS for citizen-friendly democracy, Party for Biomedical Rejuvenation Research, All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights, Alliance for Health, Peace and Social Justice, Alliance of Germans, Party for Unity, Peace and Freedom, Awakening of German patriots Central Germany, Awakening for civil rights, freedom and health, Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen), Communist Party of Germany/MarxistsLeninists, Democratic Gay/Lesbian Party - The People's Party, Expellee and Migrants Party of Germany Unity, German Conservative Party - German Right Party, German Solidarity - Union for the Environment and Life Protection, Independent Workers' Party (German Socialists), Kreuzberg Patriotic Democrats/Realistic Center, Labour and Social Justice The Electoral Alternative, Motorist and citizens' interest party in Germany, New consciousness - The holistic-esoteric party of Germany, Noise torture-Environment-Politics-Honest, Party of those willing to work and the socially disadvantaged, Supranational European People's Party Saar, Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany, "Chronik: Bundestagswahlen von 1949 bis 2002 | Deutschland | Deutsche Welle | 02.10.2005", "Political parties form colorful spectrum in Germany", "German CDU on verge of electing divisive figure to replace Angela Merkel", "Italy's Surprisingly Long and Tortured History with Electoral Reform", "Greens name 40-year old Annalena Baerbock as candidate for German chancellor", Collection of recognized political parties by the Federal Returning Office, Overview of the elections since 1946 (bersicht der Wahlen seit 1946), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_Germany&oldid=1164826774, This page was last edited on 11 July 2023, at 09:58. When Hugenberg began to attract the political limelight his characteristic slogan was "solid or mash" (Block oder Brei). [149] Hugenberg pursued with a vengeance those DNVP deputies who left to form the Conservative People's Party, whom Hugenberg called Weimar-supporting "Tory democrats" (democrat being a term of abuse for Hugenberg) who he believed practiced a watered down conservatism along the line of the British Conservative Party without any vlkisch or monarchist convictions. Our colours remain black, white and red: our resolution is firmer than ever: to create a Germany free of Jewish control and French domination, free from parliamentary intrigue and the populist rule of big capital". [214] On 27 June 1933 Hugenberg resigned from the government under the grounds he did not have any power and that attacks by the National Socialists on his party had made his position untenable. What if the German monarchy was restored instead of the Nazis - Reddit I have seen such groups come and go a number of times over the years and they all follow the same pattern. By late 1927, it was clear that the increases in agrarian tariffs that the DNVP ministers had forced through had made no impact on the continuing economic decline in the countryside, and as result a mood of palpable anger and resentment had set in the countryside of northern Germany with many DNVP voters damning their own party. Fantastic post! This list may not reflect recent changes. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor with a cabinet in coalition with the German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP, a reactionary, largely monarchist party). The Harzburger Front proved to be a failure, and by the end of 1931 the National Socialists were increasingly lashing out against their nominal allies. [3], In 1921, the House of Wittelsbach obtained an expert opinion that the parts of the constitution of 1818 in regards to their property were only valid as long as Bavaria remained a monarchy. -The monarch represents the interests of the people, being unrelated to party politics, and promotes public welfare. This time both courts ruled in favour of Georg Friedrich. The European Parliament elections on May 26 made it clear that Germany's young generation . Tucholsky, Kurt (1994) "The Spirit of 1914" pp.20-22 in Kaes, Anton; Jay, Martin; and Dimendberg, Edward eds. The other theme that he first set out in an article in the autumn of 1928 entitled "Party Bloc or Mush" (Block oder Brei) was that the DNVP should transform from a broad but heterogeneous and divided party of notables (in Hugenberg's words "mush") into a coherent and clear-cut force with a hierarchical leadership (Fhrerprinzip) and mass appeal, stressing plebiscitary action rather than parliamentarianism. Hugenberg for his part regarded Katastrophenpolitik as a good idea that was unfortunately abandoned, and made it clear that he wanted a return to Katastrophenpolitik. [148], The DNVP was declining rapidly as many workers and peasants began to support the more populist and less aristocratic NSDAP while upper-class and middle-class DNVP voters supported the NSDAP as the "party of order" best able to crush Marxism. In its platform for the Reichstag election of 7 December 1924, the party declared the following: Our party remains as it was: monarchist and vlkisch, Christian and social. The Treaty of Versailles created a small army full of monarchist officers, a state within a state that remained hostile to the democratic Weimar Republic and that succeeding German governments didn't engage with. [citation needed], The Bavarian conservative and labour parties supported such a move. [95], The Dawes Plan vote brought to the surface the conflict between the party's pragmatic wing most closely associated with industrial interests and farmers from the western part of Germany who were prepared to work inside the system within certain limits if only to safeguard their own interests versus those who were mostly closely associated with the rural areas of East Elbia, especially the Junkers (landed nobility) and the Pan-German League who wanted to destroy democracy with no thought to the consequences. [81] The spring 1924 campaign was largely led and organized by charismatic, media savvy Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz who was presented as the "savior" type figure, able to rally together the entire nation to both win the election and then restore Germany back as a great power. Bavarian Homeland and Royal Federation "Firm in Fidelity". Claire Burchett receives funding from the London Arts & Humanities Partnership. Hugenberg saw compromise and negotiation as so much weakness that led to DNVP's poor showing in the elections of May 1928 and believed that the best chances for the DNVP to come to power was by creating a political climate where no compromise and negotiation was possible by seeking to divide Germany into two diametrically opposed blocs with no middle ground in between. Monarchist Political Parties per Country Afganistan: National Solidarity Movement, Progressive Democratic Party Albania: Albanian Democratic Monarchist Movement, Legality Movement (1 seat in Parliament), Movement for National Development (1 seat in Parliament) Austria: Black-Yellow Alliance Bulgaria: Reload Bulgaria It is in this spirit that it approaches the World Economic Conference." It was registered in January 1959 in Cologne. [205] The way that the Nazi-dominated government of Danzig was starting to persecute those civil servants who were DNVP members who refused to join the NSDAP was from Hugenberg's viewpoint an ominious precedent. ", which was in equal terms violently anti-democratic, anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic. Monarchism definition, the principles of monarchy. [158], The DNVP hoped to control the NSDAP through this coalition and to curb the Nazis' extremism, but the pact only served to strengthen the NSDAP by giving it access to funding and political respectability while obscuring the DNVP's own less extreme platform. [73][75] Wirth, who was shaken by the murder of his friend Rathenau, pushed through the Reichstag the Republikschutzgesetz (Law for the Defense of the Republic) on 21 July 1922, which increased the penalties for the conspiracy for murder, and allowed the government to ban organizations that engaged in or encouraged terrorism. Right from the moment that Admiral Tirpitz was elected to the Reichstag in May 1924, he emerged as Stresemann's most "tenacious adversary" in the Reichstag and presented himself as the unabashed champion of German power politics, a man unafraid, indeed proud to state his belief that Germany should be the world's greatest power. In March 2020, German police seized neo-Nazi propaganda during raids on the homes of some Reichsbrger members. [56] The party refused to court Catholic voters, and Alfred Hugenberg rejected ideas to establish local Catholic committees of the DNVP, even when advised that this may damage the electoral appeal of the party. The truth is that after 1918 many German Nationalists were more influenced by feelings of disloyalty to the Republic than of loyalty to the Kaiser, and it was this motive which led them to make their fatal contribution to bringing Hitler to power. -The monarchy shall support European integration and play its part in peace and public welfare. Some Reichsbrger followers are evidently beginning to engage in political violence. However, these claims are not recognised by the Federal Republic of Germany or anyone else, this included the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany and West or East Germany. Helfferich, the DNVP's leading economic expert, had published two detailed critiques in Die Kreuzzeitung that purported to prove that the Dawes Plan existed only to "enslave" Germany by allowing the Allies to take control of and exploit the German economy forever. Hugenberg argued that Prussian referendum was necessary to force out the Braun government whom he accused of responsibility for "the decline in the German economy, the bad state of the finances and the chaos in governance". The Sunday Read: 'The Spy Who Called Me' - The New York Times With a single blow we stood at the center of events as a sort of pivot; this position however is correspondingly dangerous. [137] Hugenberg's leadership brought about a break with the industrialists who were greatly displeased with Hugenberg's unwillingness to take part in coalition governments. [85] The passage of the Dawes Plan produced much turmoil in the Reichstag with considerable cheering and jeering. In November 1918, in the face of growing unrest in Germany, the last prime minister of the Kingdom of Bavaria, Otto Ritter von Dandl, attempted to persuade the Bavarian King Ludwig III to relinquish the Bavarian throne. German National People's Party, right-wing political party active in the Reichstag (assembly) of the Weimar Republic of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Members of the group generally believe that some previous version of the German state is in fact the legitimate form though there is some inconsistency as to which. They would be joined shortly afterwards by the former chairman Count Kuno von Westarp and 20 other DNVP MdRs leaving the party in December 1929 to form the more moderate Conservative People's Party. [150] Hugenberg's vendetta against the Conservatives meant that he focused most of his time on attacking them in the 1930 election, sending the Stahlhelm in to disturb speeches by Westarp and spent little time defending the DNVP against the attacks of the NSDAP. The magazine is considered the most influential and long-lived anarchist publication of the German post-war period. [126] Hugenberg made much of the fact that Young Plan was not scheduled to end until 1988, which he portrayed in stark terms as forcing generations of Germans to live under a crushing burden of reparations for the next sixty years (Hugenberg did not mention the fact that the Young Plan was not scheduled to end until 1988 because the plan had greatly reduced annual reparation payments, which was why the payments had been spread out over sixty years). [70] After the putsch failed, the DNVP issued a statement that condemned the government far more harshly for resorting to the "lawless" method of a general strike to defeat the putsch than it did the putsch itself, which was portrayed as an understandable, if extreme response to the existence of the republic. If this isn't a new series of articles, you should certainly consider making it one! [135] In the first 15 months of being led by the abrasive Hugenberg the DNVP was to lose 43 out of its 78 MdRs.