With the Digital Revolution accelerating, with technological devices made more powerful, more mobile, and more networked, computers (and many other seemingly miraculous devices) no longer simply extended Americans reach but transformed their lives. On January 28, 1986, the tenth mission of the space shuttle Challenger ended in tragic disaster. Americas mass Gender Bender led to more public and explicit discussions of sex, the proliferation of Internet porn, more acceptance of what had once been deemed deviant, especially regarding homosexuality, more equality between men and womenand more confusion about sex and sexuality. It highlights resources available through HUSL Library and HU Libraries, as well as a selection freely accessible Internet resources with a focus on authoritative content from civil rights organizations and government entities. Such departures inevitably stirred great anxiety and political pushback. When Ronald Reagan left office in 1989, he had the highest approval rating of any president sinceFranklin D. Roosevelt. Following the Stonewall Riots of 1969, the gay rights movement continued to build momentum and began to wield considerable political power. Chernobyl Where Is Chernobyl? Constitutional amendments must be ratified by three fourths of the states. The movement disappeared but the ideawidening wealth inequality, the one percent versus the 99 percenthas defined the decade and our politics. In the past two decades, new technology has revolutionized the revolutionaries, social activists, and concerned citizens among us. But all that changed during the 1980s, the decade that introduced the world to the video game Pac-Man. In 1972, the ERA passed both houses and went to state legislatures for ratification; three-fourths of all states needed to ratify for the amendment to become a part of the Constitution. They employed strategies of both protests and litigation. Government forces removed the final holdouts on June 11, 1971, 19 months after the occupation began. Though he won reelection by a landslide in 1972, he resented any challenge to his authority and approved of attempts to discredit those who opposed him. Colonial elites retained their wealth and power during the American Revolution; whereas in France, aristocrats lost their lives and their money (Lafayette fled the country during part of the revolution). The economy slowly righted itself, however, and Reaganomics grew popular again. Soon, they found that Nixon himself was involved in the crime: He had demanded that the FBI stop investigating the break-in and told his aides to cover up the scandal. All In the Family, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Roots and M*A*S*H didnt shy away from once-taboo subjects like homosexuality, slavery, womens rights and racism. Carters presidency, which started with a vigorous reformers agenda, was eventually brought down by the energy crisis, inflation, the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent Iran Hostage Crisis. In the US, that means 38 of them. At an antiwar rally on May 4, 1970, National Guardsmen shot and killed four students at Kent State University inOhioin what came to be known as theKent State Shooting. The repudiation of so-called alternative lifestyles and religions found renewed purpose after the Jonestown Massacre of 1978, when over 900 followers of preacher Jim Jones and his Peoples. The war began on the night of October 31, 1954. Members of Congress tried to limit the presidents war power by revoking the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorizing the use of military force in Southeast Asia, but Nixon simply ignored them. Just as in the Civil War, the United States appearedat least at the start of the 1930sto be falling apart. The OPEC oil embargo and subsequentenergy crisisof the 1970s drew further attention to the issues of conservation and energy policy. How were the American Indian Movement and the gay rights movement similar to the Civil Rights Movement? But partly as a reaction to glossy, mass-marketed music, a punk-music culture emerged in Great Britain, the United States and elsewhere during the 1970s. Yale University: Energy History.Timeline: 1970s. In addition to popular fare like Happy Days, Eight Is Enough and prime-time soap operas such as Dallas, television also found an audience for topical shows that addressed the social and political issues of the decadea trend that would continue as the emergence of cable television and VCRs threatened once-dominant broadcast networks. These groups, whose aims and tactics posed a challenge to the existing state of affairs, often met with hostility from individuals, local officials, and the US government. This trend helped to define the time period. One year after Stonewall, New York City hosted Americas firstgay pride parade. The sexual revolution was already in full swing by the time the pornographic film Deep Throat and the bestseller The Joy of Sex were released in 1972. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Reagan Revolution The populist conservative movement known as the New Right enjoyed unprecedented growth in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Nixon administration had already halted the federal policy of termination and restored millions of acres of tribal lands. However, the war nearly bankrupted France, exacerbating the economic inequality that drove the French Revolution (17891799). The resulting economic growth would allegedly trickle down to everyonebut whether it did or not is a matter of ongoing debate among politicians and economists. The brutal assault of the 28-year-old white investment banker, [], Where Is Chernobyl? Under King Louis XVI, the French played a key role in backing the Continental Army, supplying ammunition, arms and French troops to fight against Britain in America. The disco craze rose with the sounds of Abba, the Bee Gees and Donna Summer, until the disco era crashed unceremoniously in a disco sucks backlash. Fear of what would happen to acquired property when the owner passed away. This movement, rooted in the rapidly growing suburban Sun Belt, celebrated the free market and lamented the decline of traditional social values and roles. Direct link to emjohnson4's post Why did people think that, Posted a month ago. Expanding on the hard-won rights that women earned in previous decades, women were leaders in many arenas in the 1980s, from politics to science and the arts. These movements include the civil rights movement, the student movement, the anti-Vietnam War movement, the women's movement, the gay rights movement, and the environmental movement. Likewise, new technology in the form of smartphone cameras has given almost anyone the ability to document protests and activism, making protests increasingly present in American life. The movement resonated with many citizens who had once supported more liberal policies but who no longer believed theDemocratic Partyrepresented their interests. "Car Brain" Has Long Normalized Carnage on the Roads, Hawley's Use of Fake Patrick Henry Quote a Revealing Error, Nelson Lichtenstein on a Half Century of Labor History, New Research Shows British Industrialization Drew Ironworking Methods from Colonized and Enslaved Jamaicans, The American Revolution Remains a Hotly Contested Symbolic Field, Untangling Fact and Fiction in the Story of a Nazi-Era Brothel, New College Visiting Prof. Out of JobRufo's Public Remarks Suggest Politics the Motive, Recovering the Story of the Empress Messalina After a Roman Cancellation. There are many reasons why these revolutions happened, and most of them do not have to do with the United States. Hate crimes and bullying are still a big issue. We strive for accuracy and fairness. The Native American suicide rate was twice that of the general population, and the infant mortality rate was the highest in the country. Direct link to E Simms's post Why did it take so long f, Posted 8 months ago. From the beginning, the federal government negotiated with them to persuade them to leave. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. They were taken aback when they saw the list of proposals from the union it totaled 48 pages, nearly triple the size of the list during their last negotiations in 2020, according to two people . Greek War of Independence, (1821-30), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent Greece. The United States did not do so until the Civil War. The following two months were known as the Great Fear as riots and mass hysteria consumed the country. Feminists opened battered womens shelters and successfully fought for protection from employment discrimination for pregnant women, reform of rape lawssuch as the abolition of laws requiring a witness to corroborate a womans report of rapecriminalization of domestic violence, and funding for schools that sought to counter sexist stereotypes of women. It was a decade of extremes, of transformational change and bizarre contrasts: flower children and assassins, idealism and . We remember the seven astronauts who lost their lives that day, including Christa McAuliffe, who was chosen by NASA to pioneer its Teacher in Space program. Brazil won independence from Portugal, Serbia and Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire, and Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico all won independence from Spain. Discover how Lt. Col. Oliver North was found guilty. What are four major social movements of the 1920s? Of Native Americans living in cities, 20 percent lived below the poverty line. The American and French revolutions (1775-83 and 1787-99, respectively) were both expressions of political nationalism. In other ways, 1960s liberalism continued to flourish. Brazil Tenentismo Cambodia Khmer Issarak China Cultural Revolution Donglin May Fourth Movement Tianshidao Cuba Cuban Independence Movement England Catholic Emancipation Chartism Digger movement Fifth Monarchy Men Guild Socialism Leveler movement Securities and Exchange Commission: Historical Society. In 1985, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began to introduce the twin concepts of glasnost, or openness" and perestroika, or restructuring, to revive the moribund Soviet economybut those efforts yielded few tangible results. This fact, plus Reagans militaristic posture in international affairs, earned him the nickname Ronald Ray-Gun.. By the end of the decade, these divisions and disappointments had set a tone for public life that many would argue is still with us today. Watch now video about What Was the Iran-Contra Affair? The People History.The Oil Shocks of the 1970s. Participants hold signs with messages such as Women Demand Equality; Im a Second Class Citizen; and GWU Womens Liberation. were there any revolutions or movements in 1980? history Models like Jane Birkin and Jerry Hall (who famously dated Rolling Stones front man Mick Jagger) epitomized 70s style. 1960s: Counterculture and Civil Rights Movement | HISTORY The Decade in 11 Movements - The American Prospect On November 20, 1969, a small group of Native American activists landed on Alcatraz Islandthe former site of a notorious federal prisonin San Francisco Bay. Were there any movements or revolutions during the 1990s? Overview The student movement arose to demand free speech on college campuses, but as the US involvement in the Vietnam war expanded, the war became the main target of student-led protests. Memories of the 1979 nuclear disaster at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania were revived when the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine exploded in 1986, killing dozens of people, sickening many more and sending plumes of radioactive particles into the air as far as Sweden. In Haiti, where 90 percent of the population was enslaved on the eve of its revolution, the war for independence was specifically about abolishing slavery along with European colonial rule. Many movie critics consider the 1970s a golden era of socially conscious filmmaking, after the studio system in Hollywood completely broke down and restrictions on violence, obscenity and sexual content loosed. It began in Zuccotti Park on September 17, 2011, and quickly spread to hundreds of cities. In this panel on Social Media and Social Change, LGBTQ advocates discuss how they employ social media to grow their movements and further social change. They were totally excited by the idea of republicanism. (Many of these aristocrats would later lose their heads at the guillotine during the French Revolution.). All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. i do not understand how homosexuality was qualified as a mental illness. Fear of 'non breeders' in the population. 1970s: Fashion, Music, Vietnam, Cars & Movies | HISTORY Many people derided yuppies for being self-centered and materialistic, and surveys of young urban professionals across the country showed that they were, indeed, more concerned with making money and buying consumer goods than their parents and grandparents had been. The 1990s, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell," and DOMA - A Brief History of Civil The Most Important Revolutions That Shaped World History A small town, Pripyat, was constructed a few miles from the site of the nuclear plant to. Nine million people were unemployed in November of that year. Almost immediately, Nixon began to dismantle the welfare state that had fostered such resentment. Rap and hip-hop artists such as Public Enemy channeled the frustration of urban Blacks into their powerful album It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back.. In April 1974, a Congressional committee approved three articles ofimpeachment against Nixon: obstruction of justice, misuse of federal agencies and defying the authority of Congress. I can only really speak regarding my community but at least in California LGBTQ+ people are protected under hate crime laws now and trans people have much safer access to surgeries and hrt. Blogs > Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Read more about Basquiat and Warhol: Inside Their Unlikely Artistic Collaborations. Political movements and social change - Encyclopedia Britannica The French Revolution also helped provide an opportunityfirst for free Black Haitians, then enslaved Black Haitiansto challenge their own subjugation by France. In June of that year, the protests were ended by the Chinese government in a bloody crackdown known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre. During and after the 1980 presidential election, these disaffected former liberals came to be known as Reagan Democrats. They contributed millions of crucial votes to the victory of RepublicanRonald Reagan, the former actor and governor ofCalifornia, over incumbent DemocratJimmy Carter. In becoming so connected to technology, some Americans feared disconnecting from tradition and each other. El Salvador's Marxist Revolution | The Heritage Foundation France became the first country to acknowledge Haitian statehood in 1825. Revolutions in History: The history of human civilization is filled with examples of people who rebelled against authorities.. Learn about the emergence of the American Indian Movement, the gay rights movement, and second-wave feminism. What Americans think of as the Revolutionary War was actually part of a much larger global war between European colonial powers. The popular video game Pong, for example, arrived in 1972, with controls and graphics that now seem laughably primitive. Liberation movements of the 1970s (article) | Khan Academy In June 1972, police found five burglars from Nixons own Committee to Re-Elect the President in the office of the Democratic National Committee, located in theWatergateoffice complex in Washington, D.C. Just a couple years after the French Revolution began, there was another rebellion against French rule in a different part of the world: the Haitian Revolution (17911804). It advocated social democracy within an Islamic framework and equal citizenship for any resident in Algeria. 13,000 members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) went on strike. In the 1980s and 1990s, organized protests from the political rightalong with counter protests from the lefttransformed and polarized political discourse. But behind the gloss of MTV, another influence grew in both music and fashion: Punk culture and new-wave fashion, especially in London, grew from a late-1970s trend into a potent 1980s fashion force worldwide, with designers like Vivienne Westwood leading the charge. Opinions do not depend upon facts. The 1960s: The Women's Movement. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty Images, https://www.history.com/news/american-revolution-independence-movements, How the American Revolution Spurred Independence Movements Around the World. The French aristocrats in the mid-80s were celebrating America in a strange way, he says. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The 1970s were also a memorable era for horse racing, as the Triple Crown was taken three times: in 1973 by Secretariat, in 1977 by Seattle Slew and again in 1978 by Affirmed. At least 2,000 people died and another 200,000 were injured when poisonous gas enveloped the city. Fear of difference. This organized effort against the ERA laid the groundwork for conservative movements in the following decades. The energy crisis of the 1970s also drove many Americans to reject the clunky, gas-guzzling autos that Detroit continued to produce. During some times of war, some countries were occupied, but not all. The same year saw a burst of patriotic pride as the United States celebrated its bicentennial, 200 years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. With the Oklahoma bombing and the successful reelection campaign, the Nanny Statesman of Act IV emerged, from spring 1995 through the end of 1997, winning welfare reform and reelection. Direct link to Olivia Lambrigtsen's post Why did the struggle for . By then, many more countries in Europe and the Americas had undergone their own revolutions. protest against logging we see the more radical, direct-action arm of the movement, while in this radio coverage of a Hispanic communitys protest against trash incinerators we hear the fight for environmental justice by concerned community members. The revolutions in the Americas were largely about breaking free from European colonial rule. Posted 6 years ago. In response to this pressure, the US . In Bhopal, India, an explosion at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in 1984 led to the worst industrial accident in history. The Clinton presidencys Act I was Bush League, with amateurish distractions about gays in the military and cabinet appointments. 1980-1989 - The Soli. In 1977,Indianabecame the 35thand laststate to ratify the ERA. Unlike the 1970s, when hard-hitting movies addressed controversial subjects, lighthearted fare seemed to reign supreme in the 1980s. How were they different? Tired of what they interpreted as spoiledhippiesand whining protestors, tired of an interfering government that, in their view, coddled poor people and minorities at taxpayer expense, these individuals formed what PresidentRichard Nixon and political strategists called the silent majority.. Nevertheless, in 1974, Kathy Kozachenko became the first openly lesbian woman voted into office in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The Lewinsky scandal caused The Lost Year of 1998, Act V, whereupon, remarkably, Clinton concluded with Act VI, his Second Third Way. They suffered a great deal of discrimination through their efforts of protest Minnesota (AIM). BC Revolutionary/rebel victory Revolutionary/rebel defeat Revolutions of 1848 | Causes, Summary, & Significance Many also overlooked the fact that Reagans policies created record budget deficits: During his eight years in office, the federal government accumulated more debt than it had in its entire history. Revolutions of 1989 - Wikipedia : This blogpost from the Special Colections Library at Texas Tech University provides insight on the push for agricultural reform during the late 1970s and 1980s by exploring the famous Tractorcade into D.C. Stay up to date on new exhibits, special collections, projects, and more. Like many other American leaders during theCold War, Reagan believed that the spread ofcommunismanywhere threatened freedom everywhere. Yet Republicans not only failed to stop Americas cultural revolution, many were swept along in it too. In 1978, Harvey Milk was elected mayor of San Francisco, becoming the first openly gay man elected to office in California. There are still many issues that persisted from before these movements but on a much smaller scale and now violence and discrimination towards lgbtq+ people is a criminal offence in a few states. Gay rights activists protested strongly against the official position of the American Psychiatric Association, which categorized homosexuality as a mental illness. When Vice-President Gerald Fordtook over the Oval Office following Nixons resignation, heto the disgust of many Americanspardoned Nixon right away. The maker movement has taken off in the last five years thanks to . So there was no one government for all of western Europe at . Conservatives triumphed occasionally, especially winning the Congress in 1994 for the first time in almost half a century and working with Clintonized Democrats to reduce crime and discourage divorce. The Haitian Revolution of 1791, inspired by the French Revolution of 1789. It is currently the largest LGBTQ lobbying and advocacy group in the United States. AAPB holds a strong collection of resources showing the protests and rallies undertaken by the Christian Right in the late 1970s and early 1980s to protest the many cultural changes of the previous two decades. Act III, the Republican Contract on Clinton, built throughout 1994 as health care reform withered, culminating in the Democrats losing control of the House of Representatives in November and the rise of Newt Gingrichs imperial speakership. It has been reintroduced to Congress every year since 1982. With the personal computer, or PC, now available to middle-class consumers, Microsoftfounded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allensoon became the dominant player in PC software. Mass marketing and computer-generated special effects created worldwide fan bases for feel-good movies like Star Wars, Jaws,Rocky, Saturday Night Feverand a genre known as disaster films, including The Poseidon Adventure and The Towering Inferno. All Rights Reserved. A New Right mobilized in defense of political conservatism and traditional family roles, though the behavior of President Richard Nixonand the ensuing Watergate Scandalundermined many peoples faith in the federal government. He argues that no government or institution can rule without the consent of the . On this last issue, the AAPB holds footage that captures two strains of the environmental movement of the 1980s and the 1990s. In Europe, some of the revolutions concerned breaking away from larger empires. The 1970s saw many people reading self-help books like How to Be Your Own Best Friend, Passages and Im OK, Youre OK, experimenting with marijuana or other drugs and attending personal-transformation meetings sponsored by the Erhard Seminars Training, or est, organization. TheIran-Contra affair, as it became known, resulted in the convictionslater reversedof Reagans national security adviser, John Poindexter, and Marine Lt. Col.Oliver North, a member of the National Security Council. Bush, campaigning against Reagan in the 1980 primary election, referred to his opponents economic policy as voodoo economics.. About Pivotal Moments Second Revolution, 1965-1980 The Second Revolution, 1965-1980 With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights struggled with an agenda rapidly expanding in scope, complexity, and controversy. There are still people who argue that the world is flat. Watch as devoted New Yorkers protest on behalf of Muslim immigrants held without charges in the aftermath of 9/11. After Fidel Castro loosened emigration policies, some 125,000 Cubans landed on U.S. shores over a span of five months. For some, the 1960s and 1970s had been a troubling time that undermined Americans confidence in their fellow citizens and in their government. Later, nationalist movements inspired the Revolutions of 1848 on the European continent, the establishment of a unified Italian state in 1861, and the formation of new nation-states in central and eastern Europe after . Through these organizations and others, gay, lesbian and transgender activists fought against the criminalization of and discrimination against their sexual and gender identities on a number of occasions throughout the 1960s. The time between the end of the Second World War and the signing of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 is often referred to as the Rights Revolution in Canada. The US government did very little to meet the protesters demands. Read the proclamation issued by Native Americans occupying Alcatraz Island. After the Revolutionary War, a series of revolutions took place throughout Europe and the Americas. While gaining in popularity and mainstream support throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the environmental movement was still fertile ground for direct-action and dramatic protests during these two decades.10 In this footage of an Earth First! Updated: April 20, 2023 | Original: August 23, 2018. Half of all Native Americans lived on reservations, where unemployment reached 50 percent. As a result, his administration was eager to provide financial and military aid to anticommunist governments and insurgencies around the world. Many sports stories of the 1970s reflected the social movements of the decade: Billie Jean King in 1973 defeated Bobby Riggs in a much-publicized Battle of the Sexes tennis match. This classification often resulted in job loss, loss of custody, and other serious personal consequences for people in the LGBTlesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendercommunity. Why was the Equal Rights Amendment never ratified? The Booms and Busts with this presidency, however, were particularly intense. What's happening with the writers' strike? The ongoing Rainbow Revolution made America more diverse demographically and pluralistic ideologically. Direct link to keshreed's post How has life improved for, Posted 3 years ago. Nonviolent revolution - Wikipedia In the late 1960s and 1970s, Native Americans, gay men, lesbians, and women organized to change discriminatory laws and pursue government support for their interests, a strategy known as. The movement, led by the newly formed FLN, issued a leaflet stating that its aim was to restore a sovereign Algerian state. The Soviet Union, or U.S.S.R., was made up of 15 countries in Eastern Europe and Asia and lasted from 1922 until its fall in 1991. Last Edited. Updated: April 20, 2023 | Original: July 30, 2010. The most famous song fromRent,the edgy opera of an age of few illusions, counts out five hundred twenty-five thousand six hundred minutes, asking How do you measure a year in the life? This is the historians question, wondering what standards to use and from what perspective.