Saleh was ousted as president in February 2012 and replaced by his former deputy, Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi. SCOTT SIMON, HOST: The president of Yemen, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, stepped down this week in an effort to end a bitter seven-year civil war. Here Are Six Charts. Yemen's president steps down in effort to end 7-year civil war Background of Yemeni Civil War. They take their name from Zayd bin Ali, the great-grandson of Ali, the Prophet Muhammads cousin and son-in-law, whom all Shiites revere. The place to start is in the U.N. Security Council. Is Yemen going to become even a platform for proxy war between the Saudis and the Emiratis? You are also agreeing to our, For media inquiries on this topic, please reach out to, Bidens Middle East Strategy Is Ruthless Pragmatism, Blacklisting the Muslim Brotherhood: What to Know. Who won the American Civil War? | Britannica In response, the South Yemenis brought several of their battalions to the area of the border with the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). Argument. Followers of Zayd established themselves in north Yemens rugged mountains in the ninth century. Saudis warn of oil slick near decaying tanker, but offer no evidence. Decoded | Yemen civil war: Who is fighting whom and why It is unclear if the Houthis have ambitions beyond northern Yemen. Academic and Higher Education Webinars. Many analysts say the fighting, now seven years old, has turned into a proxy war: Iran-backed Houthi rebels, who overthrew the Yemeni government, are pitted against a multinational coalition led by Saudi Arabia. It continues the policy of its two predecessors of backing and selling arms to the Saudis. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Yemen war turns seven | Brookings Saudi Arabia's 29-year-old defense minister, Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, has staked his and his country's future on achieving some kind of clear-cut victory in the kingdom's war in . by Kali Robinson Retrieved 29 December 2009. Meanwhile, the Houthis are in no hurry to end a war they have already won. 2023 BBC. Infographic: Yemen's war explained in maps and charts How will the Supreme Courts affirmative action ruling affect college admissions? The South Yemeni air force (PDRYAF) also started bombing the areas invaded by the Northerners, and their military positions. Asia Program, For Europe, Time to Plan for a Post-Putin Russia, In Brief It is compounded by seven years of support for a war led by a neighbor most Yemenis hate and characterized by air strikes, blockade, and intentional mass starvation. The impact on the Saudi military would be immediate and devastating. Saudi intervention. Nada Homsi Enlarge this image A Syrian child poses atop a stack of neutralized shells at a metal scrapyard on the outskirts of Maaret Misrin town in the northwestern Idlib province, Syria last. Weekly. Weekly quiz: Which Hollywood star was in the driving seat? For Riyadh, accepting Houthi control of Yemen would mean allowing a hostile neighbor to reside on its southern border, and it would mark a setback in its long-standing contest with Tehran. Six graphics illustrate the extraordinary level of support the United States has provided Ukraine in its war against Russian invaders. Some twelve thousand cases have been reported to the World Health Organization, but health analysts say the actual count is likely much higher. The cost of the war to Yemenis is staggering. In 2020 the violence escalated and the hardship deepened with torrential rains, a fuel crisis, COVID-19 and desert locust infestations that are expected to cause damage and loss worth $222 million to staple . In Brief NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. I wouldn't be surprised if it happens because clearly, the Saudis are very desperate to leave Yemen and their role in the country. It is also strikingly like Hezbollahs success story in Lebanon. On the anti-Houthi side, militias include separatists seeking independence for south Yemen and factions who oppose the idea. Yemenite War of 1972 - Wikipedia Saudis accuse Iran of 'direct aggression', Riyadh's night of long knives and long-range missiles, Hollywood actors announce start of historic strike, 'I saw bodies dumped from lorry into mass grave', India set to launch historic Moon mission. Hadis government also accused Hezbollah, Irans Lebanese ally, of aiding the Houthis. The separatists reneged on the deal for several months in 2020, but eventually they joined a unity government with equal representation of northerners and southerners. In Brief Having said that, there are two sets of, you know, challenges. U.S. interests include security of Saudi borders; free passage in the Bab al-Mandeb strait, thechoke pointbetween the Arabian and Red Seas and a vital artery for the global transport of oil; and a government in Sanaa that will cooperate withU.S. counterterrorism programs. The conflict has left half a million people dead,. Mounting frictions between the two sides appear to be part of Chinas efforts to disrupt the ties between South Korea and the United States but could end up drawing the two allies even closer. The political transition was supposed to bring stability to Yemen, one of the Middle East's poorest nations, but President Hadi struggled to deal with various problems including militant attacks, corruption, food insecurity, and continuing loyalty of many military officers to Saleh. Saudi Arabia says Iran is backing the Houthis with weapons and logistical support - a charge Iran denies. A Zaydi republican general named Ali Abdullah Saleh came to power after a succession of coups in 1978. It now threatens Israel with tens of thousands of missiles and drones. by Liana Fix On February 9, 1861, Jefferson Davis, a former U.S. Spains bull run tackles sexual assaults head on, How a murder in Canada fuelled tensions with India, The US military revives an idea for stealthy sea power, 'Nerve-shredding' film explores perils of freediving. Experts also say Irans sway could shrink as Saudi-Iranian relations warm following a China-mediated rapprochement in early 2023. President Joe Biden said he would end U.S. support for the coalitions military offensive, including the sale of weapons, and signaled a shift to diplomacy by appointing a special envoy to Yemen. Critical Threats Project of the American Enterprise Institute, 2014. The eight-year-old conflict in Yemen is between the internationally recognized government, which is backed by a Saudi-led military coalition, and Houthi rebels supported by Iran. Saudi Arabia seized parts of Yemen in a war in the 1930s; some Houthis may aspire to regain this lost territory, but they have not publicly demanded any changes to the border. Copyright 2022 NPR. List of wars involving Yemen - Wikipedia "It is imperative to resume an inclusive, Yemeni-led political process to reach a . Closer to home, tensions brewed in the Gulf of Oman in 2019 after the United States reimposed its sanctions against Iran. Nathalie Bussemaker, Mia Prange, and Will Rampe contributed to this report. Yemen: A Brief Background | unfoundation.org All military support to the Hadi government should be completely halted. Yet, U.S. defense contractors still oversee the servicing of Saudi aircraft that carry out offensive operations, and the administration has approved the sale of weapons to Saudi Arabia for defense purposes. . The seven-year-old war in the Arabian Peninsula between the Houthi-dominated government in Yemen's Sana'a and the Saudi-led coalition opposed to the Houthis is escalating. Houthi takeover. The Zaydi royalists fled to the mountains along the Saudi border to fight a civil war for control of the country. Faced by an impasse, the UN sanctioned a unilateral Houthi withdrawal from the three main ports on Yemens Red Sea coast Hodeidah, Ras Issa and Saleef. He transferred his power to a presidential council on Thursday that will replace his decade-long reign. Dresch, Paul. SIMON: The U.S., of course, is a major supplier of weapons to Saudi Arabia, which has fueled the violence in the war. The Houthis have already made significant gains recently on the ground around the port city of Hodeida. No end to Yemen civil war on the horizon, senior UN official briefs Saudi Arabia supported the royalists against Egypt, as did Israel, clandestinely. Severe acute malnutrition is threatening the lives of almost 400,000 children under the age of five. Yemen: Why is the war there getting more violent? - BBC News [3] Saudi Arabia continued to oppose South Yemen and supported the Northern Yemeni troops in the upcoming struggle. Nadwa Al-Dawsari is a Yemeni analyst and nonresident scholar at the Middle East Institute who joins us. No progress has been made by parties in Yemen to reach a political agreement to settle the civil war, which is now in its seventh year, a senior UN official for the Middle East region told the Security Council on Monday. by Joshua Kurlantzick Rights groupspersistently charged[PDF]that Saleh ran a corrupt and autocratic government. Yes. Under the 2022 cease-fire, prices dropped significantly, but with the expiration of the truce, many Yemenis fear that high costs will return. Saleh ruled or misruled Yemen for the next 33 years. This alliance was a tactical one: Salehs loyalists opposed Hadis UN-backed government and, feeling marginalized in the transition process, sought toregain a leading rolein Yemen. The Islamic State marked its 2015 entrance into Yemen with suicide attacks on two Zaydi mosques in Sanaa, which killed close to 140 worshippers. Tensions eased and humanitarian conditions improved with a UN-mediated cease-fire in 2022, but the combatants failed to renew the deal after six months. How did the war start? 1970: The People's Republic becomes the Marxist People's . But commercial air flights between Sanaa and Tehran should be allowed as well as Iranian development projects including in the port of Hodeida. In Yemen's civil war, the Marib battle between Houthis and Saudi-backed (AFP) By Prabhash K Dutta: Yemen is a relatively new country in its current form. Ohio State Universitys Asher Orkaby explains how Yemens internal divisions were centuries in the making. In this instance, the joke is not far from the truth. 3 days ago Syrian civil war Reuters A peaceful uprising against the president of Syria 12 years ago turned into a full-scale civil war. Ali Abdullah Saleh, a military officer who had ruled North Yemen since 1978, assumed leadership of the new country. What Is U.S. Policy on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict? Read about our approach to external linking. Cambodia will hold a national election on July 23, but long-serving Prime Minister Hun Sen has eroded his political opposition and a once-vibrant media and civil society. June 30, 2023 Yemen is a very divided society today; it is unclear it will ever be a unified state again. The U.S. should have put conditions on selling the weapons, not only on - you know, that these weapons should not be used to harm civilians, but also that there should have been a plan, a clear plan by the Saudis and the Emiratis about their military intervention in Yemen. The Houthis easily got the upper hand on the Saudis at the outset of their intervention in 2015 and now are poised to capture the last city in the north, Marib, controlled by Riyadhs Yemeni clients. by Jonathan Masters and Will Merrow They just want the cross-border attacks to stop. The Saudis joined with Saleh in these campaigns, but they were unsuccessful. They pressed for the resignation of Martin Griffiths, the UN special envoy for Yemen. [2], The fighting was short-lived; the war ended 23 days later, on 19 October,[4] by a ceasefire. More than 14,000 civilians have been killed in the war, which has set off one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world. AL-DAWSARI: There's been some rumors that there has been some back-channel agreements between the Houthis and the Saudis. The war has resulted in a humanitarian crisis, with over 24 million people80% of Yemen's populationin need of assistance. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is harder to assess, since there is no comprehensive caseload data. 8 min read Editor's note: This piece is part of a series titled " Nonstate armed actors and illicit economies in 2022 " from Brookings's Initiative on Nonstate Armed Actors. And that's a problem because the Houthis are the main obstacle to peaceful negotiations. Military units loyal to Saleh aligned themselves with the Houthis, contributing to their battlefield success. By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. Yemeni civil war (2014-present) - Wikipedia Iranian and Hezbollah advisers would have to leave Yemen. Omissions? Peace efforts gained momentum in April 2022 when Yemens new governing council helped consolidate anti-Houthi forces. Yemen war spreads to the UAE | Brookings Supporters of the Houthi movement take part in a protest in Sanaa. Moreover, many countries cut back on critical aid to Yemen amid the crush of the pandemic, leading the United Nations to reduce food rations for some eight million Yemenis in January 2022. The British play a dual role as diplomatic penholders on the Yemen file at the UN security council and military advisers to the Saudi coalition in Riyadh. He transferred his power to a presidential council on . Yemen has long struggled with religious and cultural differences between its north and south and the legacy of European colonialism. NADWA AL-DAWSARI: Thanks, Scott, for having me. Will Merrow created the graphic. Yemen's civil war has turned a 45-year-old, crude-filled supertanker into a ticking environmental time bomb, but politics . UK diplomats, including some Saudi sceptics, claim it has influence over not just Saudi military strategy but also its diplomatic thinking, restraining the Saudis for instance from launching an all out assault on the port city of Hodeidah. Fuel price hikes. But talks between the Houthis and the UAE-backed government forces stalled over the details. SIMON: Could it lead to an end of violence and maybe the civil war? The Yemeni Civil War: The Yemeni Civil War broke out in 2014, when Houthi rebels sought to topple the government of Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. as a mediator in the civil war in Yemen, serving as a neutral location for negotiations and for treatment of the wounded. They seem to be in no hurry to complete the conquest of Marib. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive New Delhi, UPDATED: Sep 3, 2021 19:45 IST The Houthis launched a fresh offensive on Thursday, leading to the death of 43 of their fighters and 22 government soldiers. Reneging on a UN peace deal, they consolidated control of the capital and continued their southward advance. They fought against both the Ottomans and the Wahhabis in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is based in part on the authors forthcoming book America and the Yemens: A Tragic Encounter.. Torture, arbitrary arrests, and forced disappearances are among the other alleged war crimes perpetrated by both sides. The war ended in a republican victory. So that's something to watch for. The Houthis captured much of Sanaa by late 2014. The Arab Spring came to Yemen in 2011. Both sides have since been beset by infighting. 10 Facts: What Everyone Should Know About the Civil War The final surrender of Confederate troops on the western periphery came in Galveston, Texas, on June 2. Does the United States have a have a role now? Observers worry that friction among regional actors, including Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, is prolonging the war. In addition, the United Nations has found [PDF] that both Houthi and coalition forces have knowingly attacked civilian targets in violation of international law. Transitional justice and the prosecution of political leaders in the Arab region, Heres why US-Africa trade under AGOA has been successful for some countries but not others, How the Biden administration sealed the Sweden deal with Erdoan, Artificial Intelligence & Emerging Technology, Strobe Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology, Nonstate armed actors and illicit economies in 2022, Egyptian-backed revolutionary military cabal overthrew the Mutawakkilite king, Houthis began secretly colluding with Saleh against Hadi, United Nations Development Programme estimated, it is unclear it will ever be a unified state again, U.N. Verification and Inspections Mechanism for Yemen (UNVIM). Article By March 2011, tensions on the streets of the capital city, Sanaa, resulted in protesters dying at the hands of the military. [3] Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammad survived an assassination attempt by SAL rebels on May 22, 1972. by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli Since 2014 and 2015the beginning of the civil warSanaa's grip over the rest of the country and its status as the center of power is gone. (modern). And even Hadi did not know until that night. Yemen Civil War: Devastating Truth About The Chaos (2022) The North Yemen Civil War ( Arabic: 26 , romanized : Thawra 26 Sabtambar, lit. UN humanitarian office puts Yemen war dead at 233,000, mostly from He was practically forced to transfer his powers, which is not a bad thing. In 740, Zayd led an uprising against the Umayyad Empire, which ruled from Damascus. Hadis supporters and the Muslim Brotherhoodaffiliated party al-Islah held counterrallies. Updated June 23, 2023 A Yemeni government fighter fires a weapon at a frontline position during fighting against Houthi fighters in Marib, Yemen, on March 9, 2021. Scott Simon speaks to Yemen analyst Nadwa Al-Dawsari about the Yemeni president's transfer of power and its significance. 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